Content area
Abstract
Background
The infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant challenge to global health. However, identifying and prioritizing functional biomarkers associated with the disease will allow more focused efforts for pre-clinical investigation. This study aimed to employ advanced genomic networks and bioinformatics tools to prioritize biomarkers for HBV.
Results
Comprehensive curation from six well-known databases yields a set of 495 HBV-associated genes based on gene ontology enrichment, pathway enrichment and protein–protein interaction analyses. Further functional gene network analyses identified 10 hub genes (IL-6, TNF, STAT3, CD4, IL-10, STAT1, IL-1B, AKT1, IL-2, and TLR4), warranting further investigation. Among these genes, IL-6, TNF, and STAT3 emerged as promising biomarkers for HBV through CytoHubba analysis.
Conclusions
Overall, this study offers a genomic network-centric approach to identify and prioritize potential HBV biomarkers to provide valuable insights into its pathogenesis.
Details
; Firdayani, Firdayani 2 ; Irham, Lalu Muhammad 3 ; Santri, Ichtiarini Nurullita 4 ; Phiri, Yohane Vincent Abero 5 ; Pitaloka, Dian Ayu Eka 6 ; Chong, Rockie 7 ; Sarasmita, Made Ary 8 ; Satria, Rahmat Dani 9 1 National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Research Center for Computing, Research Organization for Electronics and Informatics, Cibinong, Indonesia; Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Department of Pharmacy, Mataram, Indonesia (GRID:grid.443798.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0179 6061)
2 National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organization for Health, South Tangerang, Indonesia (GRID:grid.443798.5)
3 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (GRID:grid.444626.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9226 1101)
4 Unversitas Ahmad Dahlan, Faculty of Public Health, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (GRID:grid.444626.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9226 1101)
5 University at Buffalo, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (EEH), Buffalo, USA (GRID:grid.273335.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9887)
6 Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sumedang, Indonesia (GRID:grid.11553.33) (ISNI:0000 0004 1796 1481); Universitas Padjadjaran, Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Sumedang, Indonesia (GRID:grid.11553.33) (ISNI:0000 0004 1796 1481)
7 University of California, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718)
8 Udayana University, Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Bali, Indonesia (GRID:grid.412828.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0692 6937)
9 Universitas Gadjah Mada, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (GRID:grid.8570.a); Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Integrated Laboratory Installation, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (GRID:grid.8570.a)