Forestry Assisted Migration in a Longleaf Pine Ecosystem

Abstract

Case studies of climate adaptation approaches are needed to inform the broader use of these strategies across longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems in the Southern US. To address this need, we evaluated overstory structure and tree regeneration in longleaf pine-hardwood stands, and a transition approach was implemented to intentionally facilitate change to encourage adaptive responses. Stand density reduction and species selection were prescribed to reduce tree vulnerability to drought stress. Turkey oaks (Quercus laevis W.) were also planted as a part of an assisted population migration strategy. After the treatments, Hurricane Michael impacted the study stands. The percent reduction in large overstory longleaf pines due to the hurricane was 6.3 ± 6.1% (grand mean ± standard deviation, which was derived from the stand means). At least one live planted turkey oak was present in 74 ± 26% of the planted clusters of turkey oaks that could be located six years after planting them. Our findings demonstrate the ability of transition stands to accommodate a large-scale disturbance event and maintain ecosystem functionality, the desired stand structure, and species composition. The relative success of forestry assisted migration plantings of turkey oaks may alleviate some concerns about the risk of maladaptation.