Direct measurement of the 39Ar half-life from 3.4 years of data with the DEAP-3600 detector

Abstract

The half-life of $_{}^{39}$Ar is measured using the DEAP-3600 detector located 2 km underground at SNOLAB. Between 2016 and 2020, DEAP-3600 used a target mass of (3269 ± 24) kg of liquid argon distilled from the atmosphere in a direct-detection dark matter search. Such an argon mass also enables direct measurements of argon isotope properties. The decay of $_{}^{39}$Ar in DEAP-3600 is the dominant source of triggers by two orders of magnitude, ensuring high statistics and making DEAP-3600 well-suited for measuring this isotope’s half-life. Use of the pulse-shape discrimination technique in DEAP-3600 allows powerful discrimination between nuclear recoils and electron recoils, resulting in the selection of a clean sample of $_{}^{39}$Ar decays. Observing over a period of 3.4 years, the $_{}^{39}$Ar half-life is measured to be $(302\pm 8_{\text{stat}}\pm 6_{\text{sys}})$ years. This new direct measurement suggests that the half-life of $_{}^{39}$Ar is significantly longer than the accepted value, with potential implications for measurements using this isotope’s half-life as input.