Research on state estimation of small PEMFC based on sliding mode observer

Abstract

As an efficient and clean energy conversion device, the small Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has broad application prospects in the fields of portable devices and distributed power generation. However, the internal state of the PEMFC is difficult to measure directly, which poses challenges to its performance optimization and fault diagnosis. This study proposes a state estimation method for small PEMFC based on a sliding mode observer, aiming to achieve an accurate estimation of its key state variables. Firstly, a mechanism model of the small PEMFC is established, and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed. Secondly, a sliding mode observer is designed to address model uncertainties and external disturbances. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified through simulations and experiments. The results show that the observer can accurately estimate key state variables such as the cathode pressure and anode pressure of the PEMFC, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the state monitoring, performance optimization, and fault diagnosis of the PEMFC.