A frequency regulation method for zero-carbon smart building islanded microgrids based on model-free adaptive dynamic programming

Abstract

With the widespread adoption of zero-carbon smart buildings, integrating multiple smart buildings into an islanded microgrid has become an essential approach for achieving sustainable energy management. However, islanded microgrids face challenges in maintaining frequency stability, particularly in the presence of system parameter uncertainties and dynamic load variations. This paper presents a frequency regulation method based on model-free adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) specifically designed for zero-carbon smart building islanded microgrids. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on precise system models and fixed load parameters, the proposed ADP controller effectively addresses model uncertainties, operational mode switching, and time-varying loads without requiring prior knowledge of the system dynamics. By treating each smart building as an agent within a multi-agent system, the controller utilizes local frequency measurements and communication between buildings to achieve overall frequency synchronization and stability. Simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The approach outlined in this paper provides robust technical support for the reliable and sustainable operation of future zero-carbon smart building communities.