Desire and Pleasure in Islamic Thought: A Critical Study

Abstract

In Islamic thought, the concepts of desire, goodness, evil and pleasure are pivotal for understanding human moral and spiritual development. This study examined the philosophical aspects of happiness, focusing on the interplay between intellectual virtues and bodily pleasures. It posits that true happiness primarily arises from the exercise of reason while also recognising the significant role of physical enjoyment in this pursuit. The conditions conducive to happiness are categorised into three key domains: actions related to the body, emotional states, and cognitive discernment. Furthermore, the fear of death is identified as a significant barrier to happiness, often rooted in a lack of knowledge about the afterlife. This ignorance can lead to anxiety, ultimately diminishing overall well-being. The paper suggests that both religious and philosophical education are essential for providing insights into the nature of death, thus alleviating fear and fostering a deeper understanding of happiness. The study analysed primary Islamic texts and contemporary scholarly interpretations to explore how these teachings can develop intellectual capacities. This development enables individuals to address challenges to their well-being and prepare for a meaningful existence in both this life and the next. This study highlights the importance of a balanced approach to happiness that incorporates both intellectual and physical dimensions, thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of well-being.