Content area
This practice-based research addressed the discrimination minority nurses face in the United States healthcare system due to the lack of opportunities to develop their identities by participating in leader identity development programs. In this regard, the problem to be addressed was related to the underrepresentation of Arab American nurses in leadership positions in the healthcare sector in the western United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Arab American nurses in the Western United States perceive the influence of participating in a leadership program on leader identity development using the conceptual framework of Marcia's (1966) identity development process. The qualitative exploratory case study design was selected to collect and analyze the research data from the purposively selected sample of 25 Arab American nurses from the Western United States. Data was collected via questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Semi-structured interviews and focus group findings were analyzed via thematic coding while the results of questionnaires were examined via frequency analysis and descriptive statistics using MS Excel. Findings reported that Arab American nurses are facing challenges in balancing cultural, ethnic, and professional identities in Western healthcare settings. Participants reported lack of confidence and clarity in the identity diffusion stage, adoption to externally imposed roles in the foreclosure stage, active exploration of role of leadership styles in the moratorium stage, program’s impacts to facilitate confidence and authenticity in the stage of identity achievement. These research findings imply that minority nurses engaged in extensive identity development are in better position to negotiate leadership issues and motivate their colleagues. Practically, the study contributed by guiding clinical nursing educational programs developers to incorporate modules on cultural competency, identity discovery, and mentorship opportunities to support leadership development.