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The non-annual rivulid Melanorivulus decoratus is an endemic fish from the Sao Francisco River basin that was previously recorded only in small tributaries along river's middle stretch in northwestern Bahia. The present record marks the first appearance of M. decoratus in the lower-middle Sao Francisco, approximately 450 km northeast of the closest previously documented site, providing an updated map of the species' distribution. Currently classified as Least Concern (LC), this new occurrence record expands knowledge of the species' range and conservation status.