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Abstract

Improper emissions from industrial activities pose toxicological risks to groundwater safety. Based on an environmental forensic identification case involving livestock (sheep) damage caused by groundwater pollution in a pastoral area, we comprehensively evaluated groundwater quality risks, toxicological risks, and pollution sources using multivariate statistical methods, the Nemerow index method, and a non-carcinogenic health risk model. The potential specific pollutants in the region mainly included calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, fluoride, chloride, sulfate, ammonia nitrogen, total dissolved solids, and nitrate. An evaluation of the groundwater health risk factors showed that fluoride, nitrate, and manganese pose higher health risks (HQ > 1), as fluoride > nitrate > manganese. This suggests that these three pollutants were the primary causes of livestock damage. Identification of pollution sources using multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the main pollutants in the groundwater originate from two rare earth enterprises in the surrounding industrial park, followed by the emissions from animal husbandry. This study provides guidelines into comprehensive regional toxicological risk assessment and source tracing, offering an identification method for similar forensic environmental damage cases.

Details

1009240
Business indexing term
Title
Toxicological Risk Assessment and Source Identification of Groundwater Pollution: A Case of Sheep Herd Damage in a Pastoral Area
Author
Wang, Wei 1 ; Cheng Honger 1 ; Yang Yuewei 1 ; Su Jianjun 2 ; Sun Jialu 1 ; Li, Xiaojing 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Zhao, Qian 1 

 Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China; [email protected] (W.W.); [email protected] (H.C.); [email protected] (Y.Y.); [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (X.L.) 
 Ecology and Environment Bureau of Damao Banner, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Baotou 014060, China; [email protected] 
Publication title
Volume
12
Issue
7
First page
240
Number of pages
17
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
Place of publication
Basel
Country of publication
Switzerland
Publication subject
e-ISSN
20763298
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-07-14
Milestone dates
2025-05-09 (Received); 2025-07-08 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
14 Jul 2025
ProQuest document ID
3233189694
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/toxicological-risk-assessment-source/docview/3233189694/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Last updated
2025-07-25
Database
ProQuest One Academic