Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and sitagliptin, as an add-on to metformin, on cardio-metabolic and glycemic parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effects of empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin on the glycemic indices and cardiometabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Results

The significant changes in FBS from baseline to week 12 were − 23.1, -16.15, and − 15.25 mg/dl in the empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin arm, respectively. HbA1C decreased significantly from baseline to week 12 in the empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin arm (-1.8, -1.35, -0.69%). The FBS and HbA1C changes were significant in the empagliflozin group compared to the metformin group (P = 0.027, P = 0.037, respectively). The weight changes were substantial in the empagliflozin group relative to the metformin group (-4.1 vs. -0.90 kg; p = 0.044). Compared with the metformin group, the adjusted mean difference in the empagliflozin group was − 12.91 mg/dl (95% CI: 31.82, 6; P = 0.001) for triglyceride (TG) levels and 6.47 mg/dl (95% CI: 2.93, 10.01; P = 0.010) for high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels. Moreover, empagliflozin led to reductions in SBP about − 8.27 mm Hg (95% CI: -13.31, -3.23; P = 0.001) and in DBP about − 13.37 mm Hg (95% CI: -16.42, -10.32; P = 0.001) compared with metformin.

Trail registration number

IRCT. ir (IRCT20191231045959N1).

Trail registration date

2020-01-19.