Matija Murko o prvih raziskavah in recepciji indijske mitološke, literarne in jezikovne dediščine pri slovanskih narodih

Abstract

Prispevek v prvem delu orise Murkovo razumevanje pomena narodopisja, v nadaljevanju pa se osredotoci predvsem na njegove raziskave slovenske ljudske pesmi in v njej prisotme tuje motivike, s posebnim poudarkom na genezi slovenskega ljudskega izrocila о Indiji na osnovi analize razlicic pesmi о sv. Тотаги v Indiji, kar je predstavil v clanku »Indija slovenskih narodnih pesmi« (1940). Poleg slovenskega ljudskega, zlasti pesniskega izrocila in vplivov tujih literatur na slovensko knjizevnost pa so Murka, med drugim zavoljo njegovega Studija primerjalne slovnice indoevropskih jezikov in sanskria na Dunaju, zanimale tudi raziskave s podrocja zacelkov proucevanja indijske kulture in sanskria v slovanskem prostoru. Tako je v drugem delu prispevka na zacetku podan kratek oris recepcije indijske kullurne in duhovne dediscine v Evropi 19. stoletja, kar je vplivalo tudi na raziskave v slovanskem prostoru. Nadalje so na osnovi Murkovega prispevka »Prvi usporedivaci sanskrita sa slovenskim jezicima (1897) zgosceno predstavijena njegova dognanja o slovanskih intelektualcih, ki so raziskovali bogato indijsko dediscino, pri cemer Murko izpostavi lehinost in prelomnost nekaterih studij - kljub njihovemu »romanticnemu« ozadju, ki je Cestokrat privedlo do nekritiénih in povrsinskih obravnav tujih kultur - tako za zacelke formiranja indologije kot znanstvene discipline v slovanskem prostoru kot tudi za preiskovanje izvora Slovanov in krepilev narodne zavesti.

Alternate abstract:

The first part of this paper outlines Matija Murko's understanding of the importance of ethnography, and the following section focuses in particular on his research into Slovenian folk songs and the foreign motifs present in them, with a special emphasis on the genesis of the Slovenian folk tradition with motifs of India, based on an analysis of the versions of the poem of St. Thomas (Thomas the Apostle) in India, which he presented in his paper "Indija slovenskih narodnih pesmi" ("The India of Slovenian Folk Songs"). In addition to the Slovenian folk tradition, especially the poetic, and the influence of foreign literatures on Slovenian literature, Murko was also interested in research into the beginnings of the study of Indian culture and Sanskrit in the Slavic area, as he studied comparative grammar of Indo-European languages and Sanskrit in Vienna. Thus, the second part of the paper begins with a brief outline of the reception of Indian cultural and spiritual heritage in nineteenth-century Europe, which also influenced research in the Slavic area. Then, on the basis of Murko's paper "Prvi usporedivaci sanskrita sa slovenskim jezicima" ("The First Sanskrit Parallels with Slavic Languages"), his findings on Slavic intellectuals who investigated the rich Indian heritage are presented in a concise manner, highlighting the validity and groundbreaking nature of some of the research- despite its "romantic" background, which often led to uncritical and superficial treatments of foreign cultures -both for the beginnings of the formation of Indology as a scientific discipline in the Slavic area and for the investigation of the origins of the Slavs and the strengthening of national consciousness.