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Abstract

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a promising technology for optical imaging beyond the visible spectrum, where commercial cameras are expensive or unavailable. However, limitations such as slow pattern projection rates and time-consuming reconstruction algorithms hinder its throughput for real-time imaging. Consequently, conventional SPI is inadequate for high-speed, high-resolution tasks. To address these challenges, we developed an ultrahigh-throughput single-pixel complex-field microscopy (SPCM) system utilizing frequency-comb acousto-optic coherent encoding (FACE). This system enables real-time complex-field monitoring in the non-visible domain. Operating at 1030 nm, our system achieves a record-high space-bandwidth-time product (SBP-T) of 1.3 × 107, surpassing previous SPCM (~104), SPI (~105), and even certain types of commercial near-infrared cameras (~106). It supports real-time streaming at 1000 Hz with a frame size of 80 × 81 pixels and a lateral resolution of 3.76 μm across an approximately 300 μm field of view. We validated the system by imaging dynamic transparent scenes, including microfluidics, live microorganisms, chemical reactions, as well as imaging through scattering media. This advancement offers a superior solution for high-speed, high-resolution complex-field imaging beyond the visible spectrum, significantly enhancing SPI performance across various applications.

Given the ultrafast spatiotemporal nature of frequency-comb acousto-optic coherent encoding, ultrahigh-throughput single-pixel complex-field microscopy with a record-high space-bandwidth-time product enables real-time monitoring over various transparent dynamic scenarios in special spectrums.

Details

1009240
Title
Ultrahigh-throughput single-pixel complex-field microscopy with frequency-comb acousto-optic coherent encoding (FACE)
Author
Wu, Daixuan 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Shen, Yuecheng 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Zhu, Zhongzheng 1 ; Li, Tijian 1 ; Luo, Jiawei 2 ; Wang, Zhengyang 3 ; Liang, Jiaming 3 ; Zhang, Zhiling 2 ; Yao, Yunhua 2 ; Qi, Dalong 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Deng, Lianzhong 2 ; Sun, Zhenrong 2 ; Liu, Meng 1 ; Luo, Zhi-Chao 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Zhang, Shian 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (ROR: https://ror.org/01kq0pv72) (GRID: grid.263785.d) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0368 7397) 
 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China (ROR: https://ror.org/02n96ep67) (GRID: grid.22069.3f) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0369 6365) 
 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China (ROR: https://ror.org/02n96ep67) (GRID: grid.22069.3f) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0369 6365); School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China (ROR: https://ror.org/0064kty71) (GRID: grid.12981.33) (ISNI: 0000 0001 2360 039X) 
 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (ROR: https://ror.org/01kq0pv72) (GRID: grid.263785.d) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0368 7397); MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China (ROR: https://ror.org/01kq0pv72) (GRID: grid.263785.d) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0368 7397) 
 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China (ROR: https://ror.org/02n96ep67) (GRID: grid.22069.3f) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0369 6365); Joint Research Center of Light Manipulation Science and Photonic Integrated Chip of East China Normal University and Shandong Normal University, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China (ROR: https://ror.org/02n96ep67) (GRID: grid.22069.3f) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0369 6365); Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China (ROR: https://ror.org/03y3e3s17) (GRID: grid.163032.5) (ISNI: 0000 0004 1760 2008) 
Publication title
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
266
Number of pages
13
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Section
Article
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V.
Place of publication
London
Country of publication
Netherlands
Publication subject
e-ISSN
20477538
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-08-11
Milestone dates
2025-06-23 (Registration); 2024-12-02 (Received); 2025-05-22 (Rev-Recd); 2025-06-21 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
11 Aug 2025
ProQuest document ID
3238554078
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/ultrahigh-throughput-single-pixel-complex-field/docview/3238554078/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Last updated
2025-08-12
Database
ProQuest One Academic