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Background. Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is common among the general population and in athletes whose sports require repeated stress in the lower leg. These populations typically require rest and rehabilitation to decrease pain and improve biomechanics in the lower extremity to prevent future injuries. Current modalities consist of kinesiotape, ice, heat, and ultrasound on the affected tissue to aid in returning the patients to normal function. The systematic review (SR) aimed to highlight and compare the efficacy of kinesiotape versus therapeutic exercise for patients who are diagnosed with MTSS. On the other hand, the critically appraised topic (CAT) examined the efficacy of manual therapy versus therapeutic exercise. Methods. Four reviewers conducted the SR through independent searches across five databases including Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and SportDiscus from August to December 2024. Inclusion criteria included literature published after 2000, MTSS patients, therapeutic exercise, and kinesiotape. Exclusion criteria included unrelated studies, non-English articles, animal studies, children, and fractures. The same databases were used for the CAT. Inclusion criteria included the same as the SR, remove kinesiotape and include manual therapy. Exclusion criteria were the same as the SR. For the SR and the CAT, all articles were screened for correct populations, interventions, and outcomes that were relevant to the PICO question. The four researchers independently appraised each article that was deemed relevant and appropriate toward the PICO question to assess the quality. The two appraisal charts used were the PEDro scale and the NHLBI scale where each article was given a score (0–10, poor–good). The primary statistics used in the SR were p-value and confidence intervals for pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results. There were not enough data to support whether the use of kinesiotape or therapeutic exercise is better for treating patients with MTSS. However, there were enough data to show that the use of kinesiotape is beneficial in reducing symptoms and pain management. On the other hand, the use of a low-load exercise program can help with pain management and prevent future injuries by correcting any biomechanical abnormalities that may contribute to MTSS pain. The CAT reviewed two articles. There is evidence that shows the use of manual therapy to correct any muscular imbalances is beneficial in reducing symptoms in patients that are diagnosed with MTSS. Conclusions. The SR and the CAT both showed some valuable evidence that could be helpful for a clinician who treats MTSS. However, the sample size and limited duration of treatment made it difficult to assume that the interventions would be beneficial long term. Recommendations for future research should include a comparison between the use of kinesiotape and an exercise program to improve the efficacy for treating MTSS. Although the evidence is limited, it suggests that the use of manual therapy, kinesiotape, and therapeutic exercise can aid in treating those with MTSS to reduce pain and improve biomechanics.