Content area
Climate change poses threats to island ecosystems worldwide. Despite widespread recognition of the significance of islands in the global biodiversity extinction crisis, comprehensive climate vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies for islands remain limited. Here, we present the outcomes of a climate vulnerability planning workshop for the loose archipelago of islands of California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico). Scientists and resource managers engaged in discussions to identify climate sensitivities and suggest management actions using the Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) framework. Breakout sessions identified widespread climate-driven impacts on the islands of the Californias, including habitat loss, population declines, invasive species impacts, impaired ecosystem function, phenological mismatch, and range shifts/contractions. Participants proposed a suite of management actions that could improve climate resilience, including bolstering existing populations and habitats, translocating species, reducing risk of fire, controlling invasive species, and creating refugia. Although participants expressed more confidence in actions designed to resist the effects of climate change, the workshop provided a venue to discuss implications of directing ecosystems along new trajectories and accepting changes that managers are unwilling or unable to prevent. The workshop facilitated discussions that transcended individual islands, scientific disciplines, and land management entities, and contributors produced a suite of "no regrets" actions that managers can implement immediately, even in the face of uncertainties. We highlight the value of collaboration in planning and implementing responses to climate change and discuss next steps in the adaptive management of this globally significant archipelago.