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This dissertation explores the history, development, and legacy of the Orphan Film Movement (OFM), a vital initiative dedicated to identifying, preserving, and promoting cinematic works that have been neglected, forgotten, or left without clear copyright holders. Through the lens of Critical Archival Theory, the research traces the emergence of the OFM from its foundational roots in the broader film preservation movement and examines its evolution through academic, institutional, and community-based advocacy. Drawing on historical research, symposium analysis, and theoretical engagement, this study demonstrates how the OFM reshapes historical narratives, democratizes preservation practices, and redefines what constitutes cultural memory in film history. Particular attention is given to the symposia organized from 1999 to 2024, which served as collaborative hubs for archivists, scholars, and filmmakers. By integrating case studies, legislative milestones, and technological shifts, the dissertation underscores the OFM's transformative role in preserving marginalized cinematic voices and expanding the boundaries of the historical archive. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA (https://aura.antioch.edu/) and OhioLINK ETD Center, (https://etd.ohiolink.edu).