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This study aimed to explore if learners of a second language (L2) transfer second language (L2) lexical components onto the present semantic content of their first language (L1) interpretations, as well as the role of context in this transfer. Forty-five native Turkish-speaking first-year students from an English Language Teaching (ELT) Department with a B2 level of English at a Turkish foundation university participated in this study. Data were collected through the Semantic Transfer Test designed by Sönmez-Boran (2018). The study's findings showed that Turkish EFL adult learners tend to transfer semantic information from their L1s to L2s when learning L2 vocabulary. This was evident in the participants' responses to the vocabulary test, where they tended to choose L2 words that shared semantic relations with their L1 counterparts. On the other hand, the transfer is weaker when context support is given. These results have important pedagogical implications for teaching L2 vocabulary to Turkish EFL adults. Teachers should focus on providing contextual information to help reduce the degree of semantic transfer from the learners' L1s to their L2s. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of the function of context in L2 vocabulary acquisition and the impact of L1 on L2 vocabulary learning.