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This study examines the use and functions of the diminutive in three dialectal varieties of Spanish spoken in Colombia: Cundiboyacense (Cachaco), Antioqueño-Caldense (Paisa), and Costeño. The primary objective is to identify the variations in the use of this linguistic phenomenon among the three dialects. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature, as previous research on the topic is limited. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The PRESSEA corpus for Bogotá, Medellín, and Barranquilla was utilized, which employs a methodology that is considered appropriate for this type of study.
A systematic quantification of the diminutives, their contexts of use, and their lexical bases were carried out, considering consistent sociolinguistic parameters in each city, ensuring the validity of the findings. The results indicate that the diminutive fulfills a “chameleon-like function” (Nánez, F. 1973, p. 379) or polyvalent role, adjusting to the interests, intentions, and interpersonal relationships of the speaker within a specific communicative context. It was also found that women use this morpheme more frequently than men, and that Medellín is the city with the highest rate of diminutives compared to Bogotá and Barranquilla. Furthermore, younger speakers, particularly those in secondary education, show a higher frequency of use of this grammatical element.
Although the diminutive was observed across all social classes, its usage is more prevalent in the lower and middle strata than in the upper classes. Among the diminutive suffixes, -ito/a exhibited the highest productivity. The predominant pragmatic functions were Centralizing and Positive.
From an inferential perspective, the geographical factor, represented by the city, was identified as the most significant predictor regarding the use of the diminutive, followed by variables such as age and gender. Finally, a significant correlation was found between reduplication and the most frequent diminutive, suggesting that this diminutive may be undergoing lexicalization due to its high frequency.