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Relevance and aim: This literature review aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Titanium Mesh (TM) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes for vertical ridge augmentation (VRA). Specifically, it focuses on the vertical bone gain (VBG) and complication rates associated with each material.
Methods: A literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with a comprehensive search performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect for studies published between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2025. The inclusion criteria included prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials involving adult patients undergoing vertical bone augmentation using either TM or PTFE membranes. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias and study quality.
Results: A total of 5 studies were included after screening 11,384 records. These studies showed that both TM and PTFE membranes effectively promote vertical bone gain, with varying outcomes based on surgical technique and defect complexity. The vertical bone gain varied between 3.65 mm and 6.86 mm in the studies, with similar or slightly different results for the two materials. However, the complication rates were significantly higher in the TM group, mainly due to membrane exposure and associated healing complications. The PTFE group had lower complication rates, which suggests a more predictable outcome.
Conclusion: The findings of this literature review suggest that both TM and PTFE membranes are effective for vertical bone augmentation. Nevertheless, PTFE membranes are associated with fewer complications than TM membranes and thus may be preferred in cases with moderate defect complexity. TM, although providing strong structural support, is more prone to complications such as device exposure, requiring careful surgical management. The decision to use TM or PTFE membranes should be based on the individual patient’s clinical condition and the surgeon’s experience. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy and complication profiles of these materials.