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Smart windows based on liquid crystal (LC) have made significant advancements over the past decade. As critical mediators of outdoor light entering indoor spaces, these windows can dynamically and rapidly adjust their transmittance to adapt to changing environmental conditions, thereby enhancing living comfort. To further improve device performance, reduce energy consumption, and ensure greater safety for everyday use, scientists have recently focused on reducing driving voltage and enhancing contrast ratio, achieving notable progress in these areas. This article provides a concise overview of the fundamental principles and major applications of LC smart windows. It systematically reviews recent advancements over the past two years in improving these two key optical properties for variable transmittance LC smart windows, both internally and externally, and highlights the remaining challenges alongside potential future directions for development.
Details
Optical properties;
Green buildings;
Liquid crystals;
Voltage;
Windows (computer programs);
Smart materials;
Environmental changes;
Environmental conditions;
Architecture;
Heat;
Metal oxides;
Privacy;
Energy consumption;
Climate change;
Polymers;
Electric potential;
Air conditioning;
Carbon;
Temperature;
Windows (apertures);
Phase transitions;
Medical equipment;
Light
1 College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; [email protected], Intelligent Optical Imaging and Sensing Group, Institute of Optoelectronics, College of Future Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
2 Intelligent Optical Imaging and Sensing Group, Institute of Optoelectronics, College of Future Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China