Content area
Twenty-five L1 Nepali speaking participants living in Trondheim, Norway who spoke English as L2 and Norwegian as L3 (late adult learners) participated in this study. Participants’ L2 proficiency was established as advanced in LexTALE. We administered language comprehension and production tasks in a trilingual design. In a mouse tracking trilingual parallel activation experiment, participants performed a language comprehension task in which they listened to the spoken word in their L1, L2 and L3 and clicked on the matching target picture. Mouse trajectories of their response pattern were recorded and analyzed. The language production task included a phonological and a semantic verbal fluency task (VFT), which also served as an executive control task. VFT showed their dominance in L1 and L2 compared to L3. This study contributes novel knowledge on trilingual parallel activation and suggests that in the presence of a non-dominant L3, a dominant L1 and a dominant L2 are processed faster than the non-dominant language in phonologically competing conditions.
Details
Language Research;
Interference (Language);
Adult Learning;
Inhibition;
Cognitive Processes;
Academic Achievement;
Language Dominance;
Educational Technology;
Language Acquisition;
Naming;
Multilingualism;
Monolingualism;
Linguistic Competence;
Bilingualism;
Child Development;
Bilingual Education;
Language Processing;
Aging (Individuals);
Cultural Awareness;
Cognitive Ability;
Migrant Children;
Cross Cultural Training;
Cognitive Development;
Grammar
Comprehension;
Fluency;
Phonology;
Memory;
Nepali;
Bilingual education;
Cognitive ability;
Third language learning;
Speaking;
Semantics;
Language dominance;
Norwegian language;
Hypotheses;
Multilingualism;
Linguistics;
Bilingualism;
Adults;
Cultural heritage;
Production;
Executive control;
Parallel processing;
Languages;
Tracking;
Competence;
Language;
Dominance
; Vulchanova, Mila 2
; Pathak, Poshak 3 ; Mishra, Ramesh Kumar 4 1 Cognitive Science and Psycholinguistics Lab, Central Department of Linguistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal; Center for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
2 Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
3 Cognitive Science and Psycholinguistics Lab, Central Department of Linguistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal; College of Business and Social Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, USA
4 Center for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India