Content area

Abstract

High-frequency words are processed faster than low-frequency words, known as the word frequency effect (FE). Although the FE has been studied in various writing systems as well as in first- (L1) and second-language (L2) reading, existing theoretical hypotheses are mainly based on findings in alphabetic languages. To date, no study has investigated theoretical explanations of the FE such as the learning hypothesis, the lexical entrenchment hypothesis and the rank hypothesis apply to Chinese–English bilinguals. The present study, therefore, compared the FEs in Chinese– and Dutch–English bilinguals during natural paragraph reading in their L1 and L2, using eye-tracking measures. Chinese bilinguals exhibited a larger FE in L2 than in L1. They displayed smaller L1 FEs and much steeper L2 FE curves than Dutch bilinguals. These findings are not entirely consistent with the existing FE hypotheses, and the present study discusses theoretical accounts in light of the observed results.

Details

Title
The word frequency effect in first- and second-language reading by Chinese and Dutch bilinguals
Author
Longjiao Sui 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Woumans, Evy 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Duyck, Wouter 3 ; Dirix, Nicolas 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 School of Foreign Languages, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China 
 Department of Translation, Interpreting and Communication, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 
 Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; The Accreditation Organisation of the Netherlands and Flanders (NVAO), Den Haag, Netherlands 
 Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 
Pages
232-247
Publication year
2025
Publication date
Jan 2025
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
ISSN
13667289
e-ISSN
14691841
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3248699602
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.