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Abstract

This paper presents a semi-analytical, mesh-free space–time Collocation Trefftz Method (SCTM) for solving two-dimensional (2D) wave equations. Given prescribed initial and boundary data, collocation points are placed on the space–time (ST) boundary, reformulating the initial value problem as an equivalent boundary value problem and enabling accurate reconstruction of wave propagation in complex domains. The main contributions of this work are twofold: (i) a unified ST Trefftz basis that treats time as an analytic variable and enforces the wave equation in the full ST domain, thereby eliminating time marching and its associated truncation-error accumulation; and (ii) a Multiple-Scale Characteristic-Length (MSCL) grading strategy that systematically regularizes the collocation linear system. Several numerical examples, including benchmark tests, validate the method’s feasibility, effectiveness, and accuracy. For both forward and inverse problems, the solutions produced by the method closely match exact results, confirming its accuracy. Overall, the results reveal the method’s feasibility, accuracy, and stability across both forward and inverse problems and for varied geometries.

Details

1009240
Title
A Multiple-Scale Space–Time Collocation Trefftz Method for Two-Dimensional Wave Equations
Author
Li-Dan, Hong 1 ; Chen-Yu, Zhang 2 ; Yeih Weichung 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Cheng-Yu, Ku 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; He, Xi 5 ; Chang-Kai, Lu 5 

 School of Smart Marine Science and Technology, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Smart Equipment, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China 
 School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China 
 Department of Harbor and River Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, [email protected] (C.-Y.K.), Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan 
 Department of Harbor and River Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, [email protected] (C.-Y.K.) 
 Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China 
Publication title
Volume
13
Issue
17
First page
2831
Number of pages
18
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
Place of publication
Basel
Country of publication
Switzerland
Publication subject
e-ISSN
22277390
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-09-02
Milestone dates
2025-08-12 (Received); 2025-09-01 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
02 Sep 2025
ProQuest document ID
3249691728
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/multiple-scale-space-time-collocation-trefftz/docview/3249691728/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Last updated
2025-09-12
Database
ProQuest One Academic