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My research investigates the ideological formations and manifestations of Christofascism in the Americas, which I define as a fusion of the essential tenets of Christian theology with neoliberal market fundamentalism. I examine two manifestations of Christofascism: Christian libertarianism and messianic neoliberalism. Christian libertarianism refers to the fusion of Christian tenets with free-market capitalism. In contrast, messianic neoliberalism promises the Promised Land of a fully realized market society. To explore these two manifestations of Christofascism, I focus on Brazil and Argentina.
Rallying behind the slogan, “Brazil above everything, God above everyone,” Brazil’s Bolsonarismo stands out as a powerful Christian nationalist movement that is founded on the belief that free market economics are the expression of God’s economic principles. If Brazil’s Bolsonarismo is guided by the maxim: “God above everything,” Milei’s Argentina follows the divine guiding principle of “the market above everything,” where the market is revered as a sacred entity. Milei embodies the libertarian Messiah who will lead Argentines to the Promised Land, that is, the utopia of the total market. Through an analysis of the religious mystique and idolatrous appropriation of elements of Christianity to impose extreme free-market doctrine, my dissertation offers a critique of the sacrificial logic underpinning Christofascism in terms of foreign policy and political economy.
I analyze Christofascism as a “civilizational crusade” of the international far right that is united around libertarian hyper-occidentalism, that is, the unconditional allegiance toward ‘the West,’ embodied in the United States and Israel, at the expense of national interests. My dissertation addresses two central research questions: a) What are the colonial, capitalist, international, and religious dimensions of Christofascism in Brazil and Argentina? b) How is libertarian hyper-occidentalism manifested, and how does it allow the creation of international alliances as a crusade for ‘the West’?
To address these questions, I draw from discourse analyses and ethnography. I analyze a vast variety of primary and secondary sources associated with the neofascist right in Brazil, Argentina, and the United States. I also conducted 15 months of ethnographic research in Brazil between 2022-2023. From a methodological perspective, I adopt a relational approach that allows me to examine the national particularities of Christofascism while also highlighting its transnational dimensions.
My study makes three main theoretical contributions. First, from a historical and transdisciplinary perspective, it expands on the theoretical category of Christofascism to underpin its theological and messianic dimensions. Second, it examines how the fervent belief in Western supremacy has shaped the ideological foundations of the international far right to advance neocolonial projects that sacrifice national sovereignty. Finally, my study shows how Christofascism is founded on a neoliberal ‘civilizing’ mission grounded on ideologies of domination and exclusion that not only propagate politics of hatred and dehumanization but further reinforce Latin America’s neocolonial submission.