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Abstract

This study investigates the microstructural evolution and damage mechanisms of the nickel-based single-crystal superalloy DD9-thermal barrier coating (TBC) system under 1050 °C high-temperature oxidation, while conducting a comparative analysis of oxidation behavior with the DD6-TBC system. Results show that both systems have similar oxidation mechanisms but face long-term oxidation drawbacks: as oxidation time increases, the thermally grown oxide (TGO) evolves into a mixed oxide layer and an Al2O3 layer, with initial rapid TGO growth consuming Al in the bond coat (BC) and subsequent Al depletion slowing growth, though long-term TGO accumulation raises cracking and spallation risks. DD9 and DD6 substrates significantly affect substrate-BC interfacial interdiffusion: the interdiffusion zone (IDZ) and secondary reaction zone (SRZ) grow continuously (SRZ growing faster), and linear topologically close-packed (TCP) phases precipitate in the SRZ, spreading throughout the substrate and impairing high-temperature mechanical properties. Specifically, DD9’s IDZ growth rate is faster than DD6’s in the first 800 h of oxidation but slows below DD6’s afterward, reflecting DD9’s superior long-term oxidation resistance due to better temperature resistance and high-temperature stability. This study clarifies key high-temperature service disadvantages of the two systems, providing experimental support for coated turbine blade life evaluation and a theoretical basis for optimizing third-generation single-crystal superalloy-TBC systems to enhance high-temperature service stability.

Details

1009240
Title
Microstructure Evolution and Damage Mechanism of DD9 Single Crystal Superalloy-Thermal Barrier Coating System Under High Temperature Oxidation: A Comparative Study with DD6
Author
Pan, Li 1 ; Xin Zhenyu 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sun, Fan 3 ; Jin Xiaochao 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Zhang, Chao 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; [email protected], Key Laboratory on the Impact Protection and Safety Assessment of Civil Aviation Vehicle, Taicang 215400, China 
 Xi’an Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment and Protection Technology, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, [email protected] (X.J.) 
 National Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; [email protected] 
 School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; [email protected], Key Laboratory on the Impact Protection and Safety Assessment of Civil Aviation Vehicle, Taicang 215400, China, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China 
Publication title
Materials; Basel
Volume
18
Issue
18
First page
4332
Number of pages
21
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
Place of publication
Basel
Country of publication
Switzerland
Publication subject
e-ISSN
19961944
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-09-16
Milestone dates
2025-07-14 (Received); 2025-09-12 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
16 Sep 2025
ProQuest document ID
3254597838
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/microstructure-evolution-damage-mechanism-dd9/docview/3254597838/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Last updated
2025-09-26
Database
ProQuest One Academic