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Neural decoding and neuromodulation technologies hold great promise for treating mood and other brain disorders in next-generation therapies that manipulate functional brain networks. Here, we perform a novel causal network analysis to decode multiregional communication in the primate mood processing network and determine how neuromodulation, short-burst tetanic microstimulation (sbTetMS), alters multiregional network communication. The causal network analysis revealed a mechanism of network excitability that regulates when a sender stimulation site communicates with receiver sites. Decoding network excitability from neural activity at modulator sites predicted sender-receiver communication while sbTetMS neuromodulation temporarily disrupted sender-receiver communication. Additionally, we characterize several activity-based electrophysiological biomarkers in frontal-cortical-striatal areas to understand their organizational properties during reinforcement learning in this model system. These results reveal specific network mechanisms of multiregional communication and suggest a new generation of brain therapies that combine neural decoding to predict multiregional communication with neuromodulation to disrupt multiregional communication and identify functional organization.