College Promise Programs in the Midwest: Insights for Higher Education Leaders. Policy Report

Abstract

Concerns about the rising cost of college and growing student loan debt have intensified in recent years, with 85% of non-enrolled adults citing affordability as a key barrier (Gallup & Lumina Foundation, 2024) and a third of currently enrolled college students agreeing that their "institution charges too much for an undergraduate degree" (Flaherty, 2024). This report examines college promise programs in the Midwest, often called "free college" initiatives. An ideal promise program provides a clear, early guarantee that students who meet defined criteria will receive aid to cover specified enrollment costs, typically tuition. By communicating "free tuition" before requiring students to navigate complex admission and financial aid processes, promise programs reduce uncertainty about affordability and encourage college-going behaviors. Additionally, many promise programs include early registration and long-term residency requirements, helping build awareness of college opportunities and incentivizing residents to invest in their communities or states.