Research on the Development of a Building Model Management System Integrating MQTT Sensing

Abstract

What are the main findings?

Proposing a WebSocket-based MQTT Communication Architecture: The paper presents a WebSocket-based MQTT communication architecture. This architecture integrates the lightweight MQTT protocol with WebSocket technology, leveraging WebSocket’s capability for full-duplex communication over a single TCP connection. This combination addresses the issue of the traditional MQTT protocol not being directly usable in web applications, enabling efficient communication between web clients and MQTT devices.

Utilizing Three.js for Real-time Visualization and Interaction of Building Information: The paper employs Three.js graphics rendering technology to combine building information models (BIM) with sensor data, achieving real-time visualization and interaction of building information. Users can intuitively view building models and obtain real-time sensor data feedback within a web browser, thereby enhancing the dynamic perception and management capabilities of the building environment.

What is the implication of the main finding?

This architecture retains the advantages of the MQTT protocol, such as being lightweight, low-power-consuming, and efficient, while fully utilizing WebSocket’s strengths in web real-time communication. It ensures the stability and reliability of data transmission, providing a solid foundation for real-time data interaction in building model management systems. Moreover, it enhances the system’s compatibility and scalability, better adapting to diverse network environments and device requirements, and offering technical support for the widespread application of intelligent building management systems.

This innovation not only improves the user experience by making building management more intuitive and convenient but also provides strong support for real-time monitoring and decision-making of buildings. The intuitive visual interface enables users to quickly understand the building’s operational status and environmental changes, promptly identify potential issues, and take appropriate measures. Consequently, it boosts the safety and management efficiency of buildings, propelling the development of building management towards intelligence and refinement.

Existing building management systems face critical limitations in real-time data integration, primarily relying on static models that lack dynamic updates from IoT sensors. To address this gap, this study proposes a novel system integrating MQTT over WebSocket with Three.js visualization, enabling real-time sensor-data binding to Building Information Models (BIM). The architecture leverages MQTT’s lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for efficient communication and employs a TCP-based retransmission mechanism to ensure 99.5% data reliability in unstable networks. A dynamic topic-matching algorithm is introduced to automate sensor-BIM associations, reducing manual configuration time by 60%. The system’s frontend, powered by Three.js, achieves browser-based 3D visualization with sub-second updates (280–550 ms latency), while the backend utilizes SpringBoot for scalable service orchestration. Experimental evaluations across diverse environments—including high-rise offices, industrial plants, and residential complexes—demonstrate the system’s robustness: Real-time monitoring: Fire alarms triggered within 2.1 s (22% faster than legacy systems). Network resilience: 98.2% availability under 30% packet loss. User efficiency: 4.6/5 satisfaction score from facility managers. This work advances intelligent building management by bridging IoT data with interactive 3D models, offering a scalable solution for emergency response, energy optimization, and predictive maintenance in smart cities.