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Abstract

Background: Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait encompassing both adaptive and maladaptive aspects that strongly influence students’ psychological health. Spiritual well-being, defined by existential and religious components, has been suggested as a protective factor, yet its relationship with perfectionism remains underexplored in university populations. This study aimed to investigate these associations in a large nationwide sample of Italian undergraduates. Methods: A total of 2103 students from public and private universities across Northern, Central, and Southern Italy participated in an online cross-sectional survey. Validated instruments were used to assess multidimensional perfectionism and spiritual well-being. Results: Self-oriented perfectionism emerged as the most prevalent dimension, followed by other-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism. Scores for existential well-being were higher than those for religious well-being. Existential well-being was negatively associated with socially prescribed perfectionism, suggesting a buffering role against maladaptive forms of striving. Religious well-being showed only a small positive association with perfectionism. Gender and age differences were also observed, with women and younger students reporting higher levels of perfectionism. Conclusions: Findings highlight existential well-being as a potential protective factor in academic contexts, supporting meaning-centered strategies to mitigate maladaptive perfectionism. Longitudinal and cross-cultural studies are warranted to clarify causal mechanisms and inform culturally sensitive educational and clinical practices.

Details

1009240
Business indexing term
Title
The Impact of Spiritual Well-Being on Multidimensional Perfectionism in University Students: A Nationwide Survey
Author
Lo Cascio Alessio 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sandri, Elena 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; De Benedictis Anna 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Marchetti, Anna 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Petrucci Giorgia 5 ; Dsoke Silvia 6 ; Pucciarelli Gianluca 1 ; Alvaro Rosaria 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; De Marinis Maria Grazia 4 ; Piredda Michela 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (A.L.C.); [email protected] (G.P.); [email protected] (R.A.) 
 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] 
 Research Unit Nursing Science, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (A.D.B.); 
 Research Unit Nursing Science, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (A.D.B.);, Research Unit Nursing in Palliative Care, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 
 Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy 
 Research Unit Nursing in Palliative Care, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 
Volume
15
Issue
10
First page
211
Number of pages
20
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
Place of publication
Basel
Country of publication
Switzerland
Publication subject
ISSN
21748144
e-ISSN
22549625
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-10-15
Milestone dates
2025-09-05 (Received); 2025-10-13 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
15 Oct 2025
ProQuest document ID
3265876472
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-spiritual-well-being-on-multidimensional/docview/3265876472/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the University Association of Education and Psychology. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Last updated
2025-10-28
Database
2 databases
  • Coronavirus Research Database
  • ProQuest One Academic