The nature of science(NOS) generally refers to the epistemology of science, the ways of knowing in science, and the values and beliefs inherent in the development of scientific knowledge. This definition reflects a comprehensive view of science as a human endeavor situated within social and cultural contexts, rather than a mere accumulation of knowledge. NOS has long been regarded as a fundamental component for fostering students’ scientific literacy and has been emphasized as a major goal of science education.
However, in actual school settings, there is a lack of explicit instructional guidance on how to teach NOS, making it difficult for science teachers to implement NOS instruction in practice. Contextualized NOS lesson, which integrates NOS with science content, allows students to naturally understand the relationship between science and NOS. Since teaching NOS in conjunction with the science concepts specified in the national curriculum constitutes contextualized NOS lesson, it is essential to support science teachers in developing the instructional expertise required to implement such lessons effectively. Given that this kind of expertise cannot be developed in the short term, long-term support through preservice teacher education is needed.Accordingly, this study focuses on the preservice teacher education programs at college of education and analyzes preservice chemistry teachers’ contextualized NOS lesson in terms of lesson planning, enactment, and implementation. To systematically analyze the preservice teachers’ contextualized NOS lesson, the perspective of pedagogical content knowledge(PCK) was adopted. Based on the NOS-PCK model proposed by Hanuscin et al.(2011), an analytical framework was developed for analyzing contextualized NOS lessons. As foundational studies to refine this framework, Study I and Study II explored how each PCK component was reflected in the preservice teachers’ planning and demonstration of contextualized NOS lessons. Building on the findings from these two studies, Study III applied the framework to analyze preservice teachers’ implementation of contextualized NOS lesson during their teaching practicum.In Study Ⅰ, we analyzed contextualized NOS lessons planned by preservice teachers to examine the categories of NOS-PCK, including knowledge of curriculum, instructional strategies, students, assessment, and teaching orientation. Eight preservice teachers who had completed all of the curriculum at the college of education located in Seoul participated in the study. CoRe and teaching and learning guidance were collected. Interviews were also conducted. We used analytical induction to analyze the collected data. The analyses of the results revealed that the NOS learning goals selected by the preservice teachers were different depending on the context of the NOS lessons. In addition, the preservice teachers were unable to sufficiently explain the value of learning NOS. All of the preservice teachers were worried that their students would not understand NOS properly, and they faced various difficulties in dealing with NOS and science content. They thought that if their students conducted experiments, errors could cause problems for students learning NOS. Meanwhile, they guessed their students’ preconceptions and misconceptions of NOS based on their experience. The preservice teachers also thought that their students’ concept of science and cognitive development stage would affect their NOS learning. Although the preservice teachers used various strategies to teach NOS, NOS was often not explicitly addressed. Also, they were reluctant to evaluate NOS in lessons.In Study II, we analyzed preservice chemistry teachers’ enactment of contextualized NOS lessons to explore details of their knowledge of instructional strategies. Two participants from Study I conducted contextualized NOS lesson demonstrations. We observed and video-recorded their contextualized NOS lesson demonstrations, collected teaching and learning guidance and instructional materials, and conducted pre- and post-interviews. The analyses of the results revealed that in perspectives of the explicit approach, both preservice teachers adjusted the number of NOS learning goals considering realistic time constraints during the lesson planning process. Although they explicitly addressed NOS content in their lessons, they differed in how clearly they presented the NOS learning goals at the outset of instruction, in their overall perception of the explicit approach, and in the method of NOS assessment. In perspectives of the reflective approach, when posing NOS-related questions, each displayed at least one of the following issues: failing to specify which NOS aspects were targeted, relying heavily on a single type of question, or sometimes not providing enough wait time or feedback for student responses. In perspectives of the teaching context, they incorporated historical context into their lessons; however, some shortcomings were noted, including insufficient historical background and a tendency to evaluate past scientific theories in an outcome-oriented manner. In Study III, we refined an analytical framework for contextualized NOS lesson based on the findings of Studies I and II and applied it to examine the NOS-PCK demonstrated in the actual classroom instruction of two preservice chemistry teachers during their teaching practicum. Prior to data collection, a workshop was conducted on contextualized NOS lesson, which had been revised and supplemented based on the national science curriculum’s treatment of NOS and the principles of the explicit-reflective approach. During the practicum, we observed the participants’ lessons and collected classroom artifacts, including lesson slides, worksheets, and teaching journals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted before, during, and after the practicum. The analysis revealed that the preservice teachers’ knowledge of curriculum was closely linked to their teaching orientation and knowledge of students. Although they recognized that NOS was emphasized in the curriculum, they were more aware of the reality that NOS was rarely addressed in textbooks or included in exams. In terms of knowledge of students, the preservice teachers anticipated low student interest in NOS and designed instructional strategies based on cognitive conflict. However, their understanding of students’ misconceptions relied on personal assumptions rather than diagnostic assessment, limiting the effectiveness of their strategies. Nevertheless, observing high student engagement during the lessons led to a positive reconstruction of their knowledge of students’ affective characteristics. Regarding knowledge of instructional strategies, while some NOS learning goals were initially presented implicitly, the preservice teachers gradually recognized the benefits of the explicit approach based on student responses. However, they sometimes equated the explicit approach with teacher-centered lecturing, leading to a preference for implicit strategies. They also encountered challenges in implementing the reflective approach, particularly in designing effective questions and promoting student participation. In terms of teaching context, a crisis situation involving discrepancies between experimental results and textbook values served as a productive opportunity to discuss NOS concepts, and the preservice teachers actively incorporated it into their instruction. Finally, with respect to knowledge of assessment, the preservice teachers did not conduct diagnostic or formative assessments, as they did not fully recognize the importance of NOS assessment and tended to avoid it due to its perceived lack of relevance to exam content. Instead, they inferred students’ understanding of NOS indirectly through classroom observations and levels of participation.Based on the findings of these studies, implications for enhancing preservice teachers’ instructional expertise in contextualized NOS lesson were discussed.
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Title
맥락화된 과학의 본성(NOS) 수업에서 나타난 예비화학교사의 NOS-PCK에 대한 이해 및 실행 분석
Alternate title
An Analysis of Preservice Chemistry Teachers’ Understanding and Practice of NOS-PCK in the Contextualized NOS Lessons
Source
DAI-A 87/5(E), Dissertation Abstracts International
University/institution
Seoul National University (Republic of Korea)
University location
South Korea
Source type
Dissertation or Thesis
Document type
Dissertation/Thesis
Dissertation/thesis number
32171784
ProQuest document ID
3271147358
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/맥락화된-과학의-본성-nos-수업에서-나타난-예비화학교사의-pck에-대한-이해-및-실행/docview/3271147358/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.
Database
ProQuest One Academic
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