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This dissertation examines the cult of the saints in Late Antique Hispania through a close study of Aurelius Prudentius Clemens’ Peristephanon, a collection of hymns to the martyrs composed in the early fifth century. My research addresses the problem of how Prudentius engaged with existing traditions of martyr veneration and how his poetry shaped the devotional landscape of Spain. Rather than interpreting the hymns as either purely literary inventions or literal reflections of cultic practice, this study situates them at the intersection of text, archaeology and local memory.
The methodology is grounded in the literary analysis of Hymns 1, 3, 6 and 8 of the Peristephanon, dedicated to the martyrs Emeterius and Chelidonius, Eulalia, and Fructuosus with his deacons Augurius and Eulogius, with comparative readings of earlier martyr passions. This is complemented by material evidence from the Hispano-Roman cities if Calagurris (Calahorra), Emerita Augusta (Mérida), and Tarraco (Tarragona), including basilicas, necropoleis and epigraphy. This interdisciplinary approach highlights the ways in which Prudentius drew upon oral tradition, civic memory, and the physical presence of martyr shrines to construct his poetic vision.
The findings reveal that Prudentius both inherited and reshaped existing cults and, in some cases, build and promoted new ones. In Tarraco and Emerita Augusta, he reworked the well-rooted cultic traditions of Fructuosus and Eulalia, preserving local memories while elevating them into models of Christian devotion. In contrast, in his hymns to Emeterius and Chelidonius, he creatively established a cult for his hometown Calagurris, adapting elements from other Spanish centers of martyr veneration. Prudentius’ Peristephanon thus emerges as a hybrid mode Christian of memory, monumentalizing local traditions while integrating them into a broader narrative of sanctity.
By combining textual and archaeological evidence, this study demonstrates that Prudentius’ work not only reflects but also actively shapes the development of the cult of the saints in Hispania. His hymns illuminate how literary artistry, civic identity, and material spatiality converged in Late Antiquity to preserve and reimagine the memory of the martyrs.