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Abstract

The Lead (Pb) free all inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are garnering prominent interest in place of conventional organic-inorganic lead halide-based PSCs owing to hazardous nature of Pb and volatile virtue of organic components. In that quest, novel NaSnCl3 perovskite is explored with anticipation of synergetic intermingling of high-performance, stability and cost-effectiveness. Current work elaborates numerical modeling of glass/ITO/WS2/NaSnCl3/CuO/metal-contact configured PSCs by SCAPS-1D framework where WS2 and CuO act as charge-transport layers. Performance of NaSnCl3 based PSCs is numerically optimized by tuning various input parameters. Variation in thickness of NaSnCl3 layer from 300 nm to 1500 nm leads to boost efficiency (η) of devices from 10.82% to 12.54% and short-circuit current–density (Jsc) from 24.37 to 28.94 mA/cm2. Increment in defect density from 1012 cm−3 to 1016 cm−3 induced reduction in open circuit voltage (Voc) from 552.91 to 283.96 mV. Acceptor concentration of NaSnCl3 layer played crucial role in enhancement of performance of PSCs since Voc and η are enhanced from 550 mV to 850 mV and from 12.54 to 18.57%, respectively with increment in doping density. At optimized conditions, designed PSC devices showed the elevated efficiency of 25.04% which demonstrated tremendous potential of NaSnCl3 perovskites in futuristic PV applications.

Details

1009240
Business indexing term
Title
Numerical modeling and performance optimization of all inorganic Pb free novel NaSnCl3 based perovskite solar cells via SCAPS-1D framework
Author
Abdullah, Muhammad Irsyad 1 ; Oza, Virang 2 ; Kaur, Ravneet 3 ; Sudhamsu, Gadug 4 ; Ramawat, Himanshu 5 ; Mewara, D. 6 ; Manchanda, Rachit 7 ; Mehta, Ankush 8 ; Bhowmik, Abhijit 9 ; Bukate, Bethelehem Burju 10 

 Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (ROR: https://ror.org/027zr9y17) (GRID: grid.444504.5) (ISNI: 0000 0004 1772 3483) 
 School of Engineering, Dr. Subhash University, Junagadh, India (ROR: https://ror.org/04rnn2c07) 
 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CGC University, 140307, Mohali, Punjab, India (ROR: https://ror.org/004bvj338) 
 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), 560002, Bangalore, Karnataka, India (ROR: https://ror.org/01cnqpt53) (GRID: grid.449351.e) (ISNI: 0000 0004 1769 1282) 
 University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, 140413, Mohali, Punjab, India (ROR: https://ror.org/05t4pvx35) (GRID: grid.448792.4) (ISNI: 0000 0004 4678 9721) 
 Department of Physics, Maulana Azad University, 342802, Jodhpur, India (ROR: https://ror.org/02nm03p70) 
 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh University, 140413, Mohali, Punjab, India (ROR: https://ror.org/05t4pvx35) (GRID: grid.448792.4) (ISNI: 0000 0004 4678 9721) 
 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Marwadi University Research Center, Marwadi University, 360003, Rajkot, Gujarat, India (ROR: https://ror.org/030dn1812) (GRID: grid.508494.4) (ISNI: 0000 0004 7424 8041) 
 Department of Additive Manufacturing, Mechanical Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, India (ROR: https://ror.org/0034me914) (GRID: grid.412431.1) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0444 045X); Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India (ROR: https://ror.org/00et6q107) (GRID: grid.449005.c) (ISNI: 0000 0004 1756 737X) 
10  Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (ROR: https://ror.org/05eer8g02) (GRID: grid.411903.e) (ISNI: 0000 0001 2034 9160) 
Volume
15
Issue
1
Pages
41709
Number of pages
21
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Section
Article
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Place of publication
London
Country of publication
United States
Publication subject
e-ISSN
20452322
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-11-24
Milestone dates
2025-10-23 (Registration); 2025-05-26 (Received); 2025-10-23 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
24 Nov 2025
ProQuest document ID
3275324148
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/numerical-modeling-performance-optimization-all/docview/3275324148/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Last updated
2025-11-26
Database
ProQuest One Academic