Headnote
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Filling the knowledge gap that arises from the relationship between behavioral theories and socio-environmental management, this research aims to update global guidelines on sustainability, adding the perceptions of individuals and ensuring originality through context analysis of the Legal Amazon. The overall objective is to study the attitudes of individuals involved in socio-environmental management in Amazonian organizations. In this context, institutional, socio-environmental, and behavioral theories are confronted with the attitudinal predispositions of individuals to propose adequate predictors for the development of the Amazon region. The survey method was used, by applying a questionnaire to respondents, to quantitatively describe a complex social phenomenon involving psychological perspectives prevalent in a given social group. Sustainable development is characterized by the valorization of identity culture, while the institutional environment points to the need to reproduce management models sensitive to the Amazonian context, minimizing cognitive risks by disregarding experiential knowledge and solutions. The change in development perspective would be associated with the strengthening of links between social actors, through governance, innovation, and training, in a call for action to transform the institutional environment. The concept of predictors proposes solutions for a system that interacts through the actions of individuals and decisions of organizations responsible for behaving in the direction of sustainable development. This is an interesting challenge to present to readers, local communities, the scientific community, government officials, investors, business leaders, global society, and others interested in how Amazonian institutional agents think about socio-environmental management practices available in the literature.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate attitudinal measures of individuals involved in socio-environmental management within Amazonian organizations. This research intends to support future investigations and assist organizations in utilizing socio-environmental management methods. By fostering decision-making processes that value the systemic development of the environment and society through governance, based on data collection and knowledge generation aligned with the perceptions of local residents.
Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts and theories underpinning this research. Key among these are Institutional Theory, Behavioral Theories, Socio-environmental Management models, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks, and sociotechnical modeling, providing a solid foundation for understanding the investigation's context.
Method: The methodology adopted for this research is quantitative, employing a survey method designed to analyze the perceived links between science and behavioral predispositions by quantifying responses to objective questions. Data collection was conducted through the application of a self-administered questionnaire containing structured, sequenced statements, where respondents could provide scaled answers regarding their perceptions of the presented variables.
Results and Discussion: The obtained results reveal that the locality has faced conflicts since its discovery, undergoing successive stages of colonization. It possesses a vast natural territorial extension with demarcated and regulated environmental preservation areas, rich in biodiversity, and with strong unique cultural values, stemming from the interaction of different national and international colonizing cultures. The local culture was forged in this scenario and now continues to influence and be influenced by global interaction facilitated by communication media. In this context, behavioral predictors were identified for individuals and organizations to impact the interaction between these important social actors, thereby leading to better individual actions and organizational decisions. The goal is to transform the institutional environment and promote development suitable for the desires and needs of the local population. Individuals are oriented towards developing behavioral and socio-environmental factors such as awareness, identification, relationships, connection, influence, rejection, learning, research, participation, creation, oversight, and investment. Organizations, on the other hand, are directed towards socio-environmental cognitive factors including co-creation, incentive, education, influence, connection, communication, governance, innovation, technology, transparency, regulation, and subsidy.Given these identified behavioral and socio-environmental predictors, the field of Administration Science offers methodologies capable of educating individuals and organizations in each of these recommendations. This includes techniques available in theoretical topics-such as Knowledge Management, Stakeholder Management, Transformational Leadership, and Innovation Management-or in methodological topics-like Governance, Decision-Making, Coalition and Network Building, Compliance, and ESG. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the identified implications and relationships. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section.
Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, offering insights into how the results can be applied and influence practices in the field. This study provides valuable managerial contributions derived from its findings, particularly through the development of organizational predictors aligned with the behavioral intentions of local individuals. These implications extend beyond traditional investigations into characteristics of potential socio-environmental phenomena or technological solutions as mere measures capable of innovating and changing our reality. Instead, human behavior is leveraged as the cornerstone of transformation, driven by societal interests. This approach significantly increases the likelihood of these practices being adopted and positively impacting life and its interactions with the natural environment, fostered by cultural propagation, acceptance, and synergistic collaboration among all stakeholders.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by delving into the relationship between behavioral theories and socio-environmental management concepts. It critically analyzes global methodologies and projects implemented in specific contexts, aiming to promote adaptations that connect local communities with best practices in socio-environmental management. The study proposes a construct of socio-environmentally acceptable attitudinal measures, emerging from the exploration of local cultural characteristics and giving voice to underrepresented groups. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the insights gleaned from the responses expressed by local individuals regarding their perceived institutional environment. This reveals a strong attitudinal anchoring among them to transform local realities based on sustainable development, leveraging cultural, intellectual, and experiential factors as valuable assets available in the region. Associated with the attitudinal anchoring of individuals is the perceived opportunity gap in organizational decisions to more strongly promote this environment, which is in dire need of effective socio-environmental actions.
Keywords: Amazon, Behavior, Socio-Environmental Management, Attitudinal Measures, Socio-Technical Modeling, Sustainability.
RESUMO
Introdução: Situada na lacuna de conhecimento que surge da relação entre teorias comportamentais e gestão socioambiental, esta investigação veio para atualizar as orientações globais sobre a sustentabilidade, adicionar as percepções de indivíduos, garantindo a originalidade por meio das análises de contexto da Amazônia Legal. O objetivo geral é estudar medidas atitudinais de indivíduos envolvidos com gestão socioambiental em organizações amazônicas. Neste contexto, as teorias institucionais, socioambientais, comportamentais são confrontadas com as predisposições atitudinais de indivíduos para propor preditores adequados ao desenvolvimento da região amazônica. O método levantamento foi utilizado, por aplicação do formulário de consulta ao respondente, para descrever quantitativamente um fenômeno social complexo que envolve perspectivas psicológicas prevalentes em um determinado grupo social. O desenvolvimento sustentável se caracteriza pela valorização da cultura identitária, o ambiente institucional aponta para a necessidade de reproduzir modelos de gestão sensíveis ao contexto amazônico minimizando riscos de natureza cognitiva por desconsiderar saberes e soluções experienciais. A mudança de perspectiva do desenvolvimento estaria associada ao fortalecimento de vínculos entre os atores sociais, por meio de governança, inovação e capacitação, em um chamado para ação transformador do ambiente institucional. A concepção de preditores propõe soluções para um sistema que interage por meio das ações de indivíduos e decisões de organizações responsáveis por comportar-se na direção do desenvolvimento sustentável. Desafio interessante para apresentar aos leitores, às comunidades locais, à comunidade científica, aos governantes, aos investidores, aos líderes empresariais, à sociedade global e demais interessados no modo agentes institucionais amazônicos pensam a prática de gestão socioambiental disponíveis na literatura.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar estudar medidas atitudinais de indivíduos envolvidos com gestão socioambiental em organizações amazônicas, com o intuito de auxiliar futuras investigações e as organizações na utilização de métodos de gestão socioambiental, auxiliando processos de tomada de decisão que valorizem o desenvolvimento sistêmico do ambiente e da sociedade, por meio da governança, a partir da coleta dados e da geração de conhecimento de acordo com as percepções dos indivíduos residentes na localidade.
Referencial Teórico: Neste tópico, são apresentados os principais conceitos e teorias que fundamentam a pesquisa. Destacam-se a Teoria Institucionalista, as Teorias Comportamentais, os modelos de Gestão Socioambiental, de Enviornmental, Social and Governance (ESG) e as modelagens sociotécnicas, fornecendo uma base sólida para a compreensão do contexto da investigação.
Método: A metodologia adotada para esta pesquisa compreende a perspectiva quantitativa realizada por meio do Método de Levantamento orientado para analisar os vínculos percebidos entre a ciência e as predisposições comportamentais por meio da quantificação das respostas de questões objetivas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de aplicação de um formulário autoadministrado com afirmações estruturadas, sequenciadas, em que o pesquisado pudesse responder de forma escalonada a respeito do seu sentimento diante das variáveis apresentadas.
Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a localidade enfrenta conflitos desde sua descoberta passando por sucessivas etapas de colonização, possuindo vasta extensão territorial natural com áreas de preservação ambiental, delimitadas e regulamentadas, rica em biodiversidade e com sólidos valores culturais próprios, como resultado da interação de diferentes culturas nacionais e internacionais colonizadoras. A cultura local foi forjada neste cenário e, agora, segue influenciando e sendo influenciada pela interação global facilitada pelos meios de comunicação. Chegou-se, neste cenário, aos preditores comportamentais direcionados para os indivíduos e para as organizações de modo impactar na interação entre estes importantes atores sociais e, assim, obter melhores ações individuais e melhores decisões organizacionais para transformar o ambiente institucional e promover o desenvolvimento adequado aos desejos e necessidades da população local. Os indivíduos estão orientados a desenvolver fatores comportamentais e socioambientais de consciência, identificação, relacionamentos, conexão, influência, rejeição, aprendizagem, pesquisa, participação, criação, fiscalização e investimento. E as organizações estão direcionadas para fatores cognitivos socioambientais de cocriação, incentivo, educação, influência, conexão, comunicação, governança, inovação, tecnologia, transparência, regulamentação e subsídio. Diante destes preditores comportamentais e socioambientais identificados, a Ciência da Administração dispõe de metodologias capazes de educar indivíduos e organizações em cada uma destas recomendações como é o caso das técnicas disponíveis em tópicos teóricos - Gestão do Conhecimento, Gestão de Partes Interessadas, Liderança Transformacional, Gestão da Inovação - ou em tópicos metodológicos - Governança, Tomada de Decisão, Construção de Coalizões e Redes, Compliance, ESG. Na seção de discussão, esses resultados são contextualizados à luz do referencial teórico, destacando-se as implicações e relações identificadas. Possíveis discrepâncias e limitações do estudo também são consideradas nesta seção.
Implicações da Pesquisa: As implicações práticas e teóricas desta pesquisa são discutidas, fornecendo insights sobre como os resultados podem ser aplicados ou influenciar práticas no campo de contribuições gerenciais valiosas advindas dos resultados, dada a elaboração de preditores organizacionais alinhados com as intenções comportamentais dos indivíduos locais. Essas implicações vão além das investigações tradicionais sobre características de possíveis fenômenos socioambientais ou de possíveis soluções tecnológicas como medidas capazes de inovar e mudar a realidade em que vivemos. O comportamento humano é utilizado como pilar da transformação a partir dos interesses da sociedade provendo maiores chances de serem praticadas e de impactarem positivamente a vida e suas interações com o ambiente natural, por intermédio da propagação cultural, aceitação e colaboração sinérgica de todas as partes interessadas.
Originalidade/Valor: Este estudo contribui para a literatura ao se aprofundar no estudo das relações entre os conceitos de teorias comportamentais e de gestão socioambiental. Propõe-se a analisar criticamente as metodologias globais, bem como os projetos implantados em contextos específicos, a fim de promover adaptações que conectem as comunidades locais com as boas práticas em gestão socioambiental. O constructo a que se propõe este estudo de medidas atitudinais socioambientalmente aceitáveis surge para considerar a exploração das características culturais locais, dando voz a grupos sub-representados. A relevância e o valor desta pesquisa são evidenciados por valências identificadas a partir do índice de respostas expressadas pelos indivíduos locais em relação ao ambiente institucional percebido com forte ancoragem atitudinal para transformar a realidade local com base no desenvolvimento sustentável, utilizando fatores culturais, intelectuais e experiencias como ativo disponível na região. Associado à ancoragem atitudinal dos indivíduos estaria a lacuna de oportunidade que se percebe nas decisões organizacionais em promover mais fortemente este ambiente sedento por ações socioambientais efetivas.
Palavras-chave: Amazônia, Comportamento, Gestão Socioambiental, Medidas Atitudinais, Modelagem Sociotécnica, Sustentabilidade.
RESUMEN
Introducción: Situada en la laguna de conocimiento que surge de la relación entre las teorías conductuales y la gestión socioambiental, esta investigación ha venido a actualizar las orientaciones globales sobre la sostenibilidad, añadiendo las percepciones de los individuos y garantizando la originalidad mediante análisis del contexto de la Amazonia Legal. El objetivo general es estudiar las medidas actitudinales de los individuos involucrados en la gestión socioambiental en organizaciones amazónicas. En este contexto, las teorías institucionales, socioambientales y conductuales se confrontan con las predisposiciones actitudinales de los individuos para proponer predictores adecuados para el desarrollo de la región amazónica. Se utilizó el método de encuesta, mediante la aplicación de un formulario de consulta al encuestado, para describir cuantitativamente un fenómeno social complejo que involucra perspectivas psicológicas prevalentes en un determinado grupo social. El desarrollo sostenible se caracteriza por la valorización de la cultura identitaria, el entorno institucional apunta a la necesidad de reproducir modelos de gestión sensibles al contexto amazónico, minimizando los riesgos de naturaleza cognitiva por desconsiderar los conocimientos y las soluciones empíricas. El cambio de perspectiva del desarrollo estaría asociado al fortalecimiento de los vínculos entre los actores sociales, a través de la gobernanza, la innovación y la capacitación, en un llamado a la acción transformadora del entorno institucional. La concepción de predictores propone soluciones para un sistema que interactúa a través de las acciones de los individuos y las decisiones de las organizaciones responsables de comportarse en la dirección del desarrollo sostenible. Un reto interesante para presentar a los lectores, las comunidades locales, la comunidad científica, los gobernantes, los inversores, los líderes empresariales, la sociedad global y otras partes interesadas en la forma en que los agentes institucionales amazónicos conciben la práctica de la gestión socioambiental disponible en la literatura.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es investigar medidas actitudinales de individuos involucrados con la gestión socioambiental en organizaciones amazónicas. Se busca apoyar futuras investigaciones y asistir a las organizaciones en la utilización de métodos de gestión socioambiental, facilitando procesos de toma de decisiones que valoren el desarrollo sistémico del ambiente y de la sociedad por medio de la gobernanza. Esto se logrará a partir de la recopilación de datos y la generación de conocimiento acorde con las percepciones de los individuos residentes en la localidad.
Marco Teórico: En este apartado, se presentan los principales conceptos y teorías que fundamentan la investigación. Se destacan la Teoría Institucionalista, las Teorías Conductuales (o Comportamentales), los modelos de Gestión Socioambiental, de Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), y las modelizaciones sociotécnicas. Esto proporciona una base sólida para la comprensión del contexto de la investigación.
Método: La metodología adoptada para esta investigación comprende la perspectiva cuantitativa, realizada mediante el Método de Levantamiento orientado a analizar los vínculos percibidos entre la ciencia y las predisposiciones conductuales a través de la cuantificación de las respuestas a preguntas objetivas. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario autoadministrado con afirmaciones estructuradas y secuenciadas, donde el participante pudo responder de forma escalonada respecto a su percepción ante las variables presentadas.
Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que la localidad ha enfrentado conflictos desde su descubrimiento, pasando por sucesivas etapas de colonización. Posee una vasta extensión territorial natural con áreas de preservación ambiental delimitadas y reguladas, rica en biodiversidad y con sólidos valores culturales propios, resultado de la interacción de diferentes culturas colonizadoras nacionales e internacionales. La cultura local fue forjada en este escenario y, ahora, sigue influyendo y siendo influenciada por la interacción global facilitada por los medios de comunicación. En este contexto, se identificaron predictores conductuales dirigidos a los individuos y a las organizaciones, con el fin de impactar en la interacción entre estos importantes actores sociales. El objetivo es lograr mejores acciones individuales y decisiones organizacionales para transformar el ambiente institucional y promover un desarrollo adecuado a los deseos y necesidades de la población local. Los individuos están orientados a desarrollar factores conductuales y socioambientales de conciencia, identificación, relaciones, conexión, influencia, rechazo, aprendizaje, investigación, participación, creación, fiscalización e inversión. Y las organizaciones están dirigidas hacia factores cognitivos socioambientales de cocreación, incentivo, educación, influencia, conexión, comunicación, gobernanza, innovación, tecnología, transparencia, regulación y subsidio. Ante estos predictores conductuales y socioambientales identificados, la Ciencia de la Administración dispone de metodologías capaces de educar a individuos y organizaciones en cada una de estas recomendaciones. Tal es el caso de las técnicas disponibles en tópicos teóricos -como Gestión del Conocimiento, Gestión de Partes Interesadas (Stakeholders), Liderazgo Transformacional, Gestión de la Innovacióno en tópicos metodológicos -como Gobernanza, Toma de Decisiones, Construcción de Coaliciones y Redes, Compliance y ESG.
Implicaciones de la investigación: En este estudio, se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y teóricas de esta investigación, proporcionando conocimientos valiosos sobre cómo los resultados pueden aplicarse o influir en las prácticas del campo. Se destacan las valiosas contribuciones gerenciales derivadas de los hallazgos, dada la elaboración de predictores organizacionales alineados con las intenciones conductuales de los individuos locales. Estas implicaciones van más allá de las investigaciones tradicionales sobre las características de posibles fenómenos socioambientales o de posibles soluciones tecnológicas como meras medidas capaces de innovar y cambiar la realidad en la que vivimos. En su lugar, el comportamiento humano se utiliza como pilar de la transformación, partiendo de los intereses de la sociedad. Esto aumenta significativamente las posibilidades de que estas prácticas se lleven a cabo y de que impacten positivamente la vida y sus interacciones con el ambiente natural, por medio de la propagación cultural, la aceptación y la colaboración sinérgica de todas las partes interesadas.
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye a la literatura al profundizar en el análisis de las relaciones entre las teorías conductuales y los conceptos de gestión socioambiental. Se propone analizar críticamente las metodologías globales, así como los proyectos implementados en contextos específicos, con el fin de promover adaptaciones que conecten a las comunidades locales con las buenas prácticas en gestión socioambiental. El constructo de medidas actitudinales socioambientalmente aceptables que este estudio propone surge para considerar la explotación de las características culturales locales, dando voz a grupos subrepresentados. La relevancia y el valor de esta investigación se evidencian por los factores identificados a partir del índice de respuestas expresadas por los individuos locales en relación con el ambiente institucional percibido. Esto revela un fuerte anclaje actitudinal para transformar la realidad local con base en el desarrollo sostenible, utilizando factores culturales, intelectuales y experiencias como activos disponibles en la región. Asociada al anclaje actitudinal de los individuos, se encuentra la brecha de oportunidad percibida en las decisiones organizacionales para promover con mayor fuerza este ambiente sediento de acciones socioambientales efectivas.
Palabras clave: Amazonia, Comportamiento, Gestión Socioambiental, Medidas Actitudinales, Modelización Sociotécnica, Sostenibilidad.
1 INTRODUCTION
The way in which individuals have structured, intentionally or not, their social relationships with each other and with the environment is a source of interest for various actors in civil society and its organizations, governments and business leaders, given that some local and global changes may be causing degradation in all dimensions of life, which considerably increases the risk of there being no quality of life for future generations.
The locus of this investigation is the Western Amazon Region, in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. This region is home to the Amazon Basin, which consists of a robust network of tributaries and floodplains, and is home to a variety of wildlife and freshwater fish species. This region is home to a diverse mix of indigenous peoples and migrants from various parts of Brazil.
The relationship between Amazonian society and organizations in the search for reconciliation between achieving institutional and economic objectives and meeting environmental and social demands and the concepts constructed in developed countries with critical adaptation to the environment of a developing country, with extensive territorial zones, as is the case of Brazil, were gaps that the literature brought up.
This research has a relevant theoretical contribution because it delved into the study of the relationships between the concepts of behavioral theories and socio-environmental management. It critically analyzed global methodologies, as well as projects implemented in specific contexts, in order to promote adaptations that connect local communities with good practices in socio-environmental management. The construct proposed by this study of socioenvironmentally acceptable attitudinal measures arises to consider the exploration of local cultural characteristics, giving voice to underrepresented groups.
In addition to theoretical contributions, the study will contribute with valuable management recommendations arising from the results, given the development of organizational predictors aligned with the behavioral intentions of local individuals. Thus, this exploratory task envisions the possibility of identifying optimal methodologies applicable by Amazonian organizations in social, environmental and governance management based on the adequate interaction of these methodologies with the attitudinal factors declared by local individuals.
The survey of the attitudinal predispositions of local agents and the hypotheses appropriate to regional characteristics assists future investigations in the use of methods to assist in decision-making processes and forms of management that value the systemic development of the environment and society, through governance, based on data collection and knowledge generation.
Given these reflections, this research aims to answer the following question: what are the behavioral predictors of individuals institutionally involved in socio-environmental management in organizations in the Amazon region?
The general objective is to study attitudinal measures of individuals involved with socioenvironmental management in Amazonian organizations; and, for the results, it has as specific objectives to characterize the investigative locus considering the culture, habits and awareness of individuals in local organizations in relation to socio-environmental management (1); identify behavioral predictors of individuals institutionally involved with environmental, social development and governance (2); and propose measures for compliance in the relationship perceived by agents institutionally involved in the socio-environmental management under study (3).
2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The social order is a continuous human production formed by interaction from what individuals do, interpret and share these interpretations, and is therefore a product of human activity, as Scott (1987) says. Every human group that starts to produce and consume goods and services tends to have a negative impact on the environment and natural resources, Philippi Jr, Romero and Bruna (2014).
Institutions are considered powerful cognitive instruments that guide social exchanges, establishing rules for socially accepted, tolerable, desirable and necessary behavior, as cited in studies by Kirste, Oberhauser and Holtbrugge (2024). These structures can use governance agreements to replace traditional power struggles regarding the mode of exploitation of resources, use, preservation and balance of interests of the State, companies and communities and other organizations, considering the environment as a scenario for survival, as stated by Zárate-Rueda, Vélez-Hernández and Caballero-Márquez (2022).
In view of the evolution of studies on institutional theories, sustainable development and governance, the scenario of a location located in a developing country is considered to investigate possible propositions of the interactions of these themes mentioned above and the possible existing relationships with the attitudinal predispositions of regional individuals, based on a theoretical-conceptual construction as presented in Figure 1, below.
The content of the diagrammed elements and illustrations of the path that this research will follow is specified in table 1 - a breakdown of the elements of the theoretical-conceptual construction below.
This investigative method was prepared to adequately lead to the understanding of how the Amazon environment influences or is influenced by attitudinal predispositions of regional individuals in order to suggest predictors of social and environmental management of adaptation and facilitated conduction in the analyzed environment .
2.1 CONCEPTS OF INSTITUTIONALIST THEORY AND THE AMAZON INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Institutional Theory contributes to the identification of causal mechanisms that lead to organizational stability or change based on preconscious understandings shared by its actors regardless of their interests. Institutions are, therefore, social structures that have achieved a high degree of resilience, composed of cultural-cognitive, normative and regulatory elements with operational activities and associated resources, which provide stability and social meaning.
From the perspective of Institutionalist Theory, Soeiro and Wanderley (2019) consider that the institutional environment is formed by certain practices, symbols, beliefs, rules and norms, which individuals and organizations need to respect in order to receive support and legitimacy.
Authors Kuzey et al. (2023) demonstrate that organizations located in different social environments have different behaviors and that organizations located in emerging economies, for example, have their corporate governance system and environmental performances impacted by the institutional environment.
Culture is considered in the present study as a complex set of social phenomena, of a religious, moral, aesthetic, technical or scientific nature, common to a group of individuals in a community, expressed by peculiar behaviors, linked by a common tradition acquired and transmitted through education, designating the collective ways of existing for any society, as announced by Huisman and Vergez (1969).
Scholars Huisman and Vergez (1969) propose reflections on what consciousness and individual habits are about. Consciousness is considered an action that conveys the way of viewing the world and manifesting oneself in it through intentionality. This intentionality would be directed towards something beyond ourselves, determining the way we project ourselves into the world.
Social and cultural environments affect organizations interested in offering products and services considering the application of actions arising from diffuse concepts, such as the concept of sustainability, or that require the construction of new environmental, social and governance concepts, as stated by Eccles and Stroehle (2018). And the environment chosen for this study is established in Latin America in the Amazon biome of the Northern Region of Brazil which, according to Danner et al. (2015), is understood as a geographic space that activates critical political, economic and cultural emancipatory thinking, given that, according to the concept of coloniality, some aspects of historical colonization do not disappear with the independence processes.
2.2 CONCEPTUALIZING SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The corporate world has begun a process of formulating the idea that companies are social agents, are part of society and, therefore, interact through two-way relationships, influencing and being influenced by their natural connections present in the market, as Aligleri (2009) teaches. The paradigm of socio-environmental development emerged in response to traditional economic development, following the United Nations Conference on the Environment in Stockholm, held in the 1970s, as can be seen from Philippi Jr., Sampaio and Fernandes (2017).
Historically, the emergence of the term sustainability as the satisfaction of current needs related to development and the environment without compromising the needs of future generations, presented by Abad-Segura, Cortés-Garcia, Belmonte-Ureña (2019), was attributed to two consecrated sources, namely, the Brundtland report, 1987, and the triple sustainability objective created by John Elkington, 1997.
This central concept sought to communicate the need and scope of contemporary social challenges, and all other approaches that emerged later worship the foundations of this concept. The triple bottom line (TBL), as presented by Alves (2023), included environmental and social dimensions, in addition to the traditional measure of profitability to assess organizational competence considering economic factors: financial viability, profitability, return on investment; social factors: working conditions, cultural diversity, and opportunities for minorities; and environmental factors: eco-efficiency of production processes, cleaner production, and environmental responsibility.
Recently, studies by Bergman, Deckelbaum and Karp (2020) indicate the existence of another widespread approach, in which they present global socioeconomic development, considering the environment and social issues, including governance, called Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG).
The acronym ESG contains a meaning well presented by Sultana, Zulkifli and Zainal (2018) in which the letter E, for Environmental, means paying attention to issues related to biodiversity, climate change, ocean acidification, changes in land use, energy efficiency; the letter S, for Social, covers issues related to human rights, freedom, social justice, quality of life, respect for diversity, health and safety, labor standards, activities in conflict zones; and the letter G, for Governance, includes the participation of interested parties in decision-making through the creation of committees, councils, supervisions, monitoring, political contributions with skills, independence, controls, risk management, transparency, integrity in a management system responsible for the other two categories mentioned: Environmental and Social.
Studies by Alves (2023) indicate that the acronym ESG represents a paradigm shiftin relations between companies and investors that provokes new decisions concerned with sustainability criteria as part of the organizational strategy in the search for good business practices, including pressure from investors, adoption and disclosure of ESG commitments, empowerment of consumers through products and services aligned with their values, and institutions aware of the impacts generated by their operations.
2.3 DEFINING BEHAVIORAL, ATTITUDINAL AND SOCIOTECHNICAL THEORIES.
The cognitive perspective has been evolving over time in organizational science, studying mental processes of organizational actors such as, for example, attitudes, metaphors or decisions, focusing on the way in which events and relationships are perceived by individual representations, allowing us to induce forms of what organizations are and how they function, as proposed by Cunha et al. (2016).
The analysis of the causes of organizational behavior is composed of an analysis of dispositional variables, that is, tendencies to respond to situations in a particular and predetermined way, whose three main factors are: personality, motives and attitudes; and of situational variables, where behavior is influenced by the context, such as the organizational climate, work organization, underlying technology and manufacturing processes; and, finally, the interaction of dispositions with the situation.
It can be seen from the studies by Borriello and Rose (2021) that there is a gap between attitude and behavior that generated the formulation of behavioral theories. Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (1991) is one of the theories that explains the functioning of the bases that form the behavior of individuals considering beliefs and influences that affect intention. This intention is considered a logical precedent to the behavior carried out through three factors, namely, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral attitudes as shown in Figure 2, below.
The content of the behavior-forming elements will be used in the research in the format presented in table 2 - Discrimination of Behavior-Forming Elements below.
This analytical-predictive method, for example, consists of an instrument that aims to generate understanding of how a subject is predisposed to act in the face of socio-environmental actions in Amazonian organizations. The authors Braga et al. (2017) elucidate a way to analyze and predict the intention of stakeholders from a systemic perspective considering the person and the context, in order to guide action for the development of interactions of environmental, social and economic results.
Organizations are built on different technoscientific bases that, in most cases, do not consider sustainability and technology as pillars of holistic, systemic and transdisciplinary development, with new relationships in relation to the value chain, as indicated by Ostermann et al. (2022). A sociotechnical system integrates complex relationships of a management system, analyzing the interaction between the technical dimension - technology, infrastructure and processes - and the social dimension - people, culture, objectives, as elaborated by Nugroho et al. (2023) and Baek et al. (2018).
From this perspective, a space is created in which authority figures in society provide moments of critical reflection for individuals to increase levels of awareness and empathy regarding their own behaviors based on observations of other people's behavior, according to the propositions of Torres et al. (2019).
3 METHODOLOGY
Considering the materiality of the result that comes from the listed objectives, the work advances from open concepts and philosophical practical actions, through interactions, interventions and investments favorable to sustainability, considering the theme as a decisive need that imposes itself on environmental, social and economic development, as can be seen from Segrera (2005) and Copper and Schindler (2016).
The methodology of this research is aligned with Creswell and Creswell (2021), using the initial phase of the research to build an appropriate theoretical instrument for use in the quantitative phase. The research strategy used prescriptions from the Survey Method, guided by Fowler (2011), given the desire to produce descriptions from numerical indexes that translate people's intentions through questions collected from a fraction of the population, to seek information about behavioral and contemporary events, portray the subjective feelings of individuals in an unbiased way and, thus, quantitatively describe a complex social phenomenon that involves psychological perspectives prevalent in a given social group. It is a method oriented to analyze the perceived links between science and behavioral predispositions through the quantification of the responses to objective questions.
3.1 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURES
The content analysis method is an empirical procedure based on the use of categories derived from theoretical models to systematically describe and understand the characteristics of messages presented in text materials of any origin, as stated by Flick (2013). Thus, the content analysis method, as presented by Bardin (1977), was considered as a set of communication analysis techniques to obtain messages that allow inferences of knowledge related to production conditions. Data collection was carried out through survey research, according to the guidelines of Cooper and Schindler (2016), in a process that contained structured and sequenced questions, through channels such as the internet and e-mails, in the form of a self-administered form, applied to the respondent, with statements in which the respondent responded in a staggered manner regarding his/her feelings regarding the variables presented.
The final Respondent Consultation Form was applied on the Google Forms platform to be made available to respondents, resulting in 162 (one hundred and sixty-two) responses obtained in the region of the State of Rondônia, Brazil, in the period from March 25 to May 25, 2025. In a subsequent phase, the results obtained on the Google Forms platform were submitted to the Excel software for tabulation of the assertions and their respective responses before updating the statistical calculations. As a result of the statistical analysis, the calculation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient obtained a result of 0.81 (eighty-one hundredths of a percent) or 81% (eighty-one percentage points) of reliability index and internal consistency of the set of assertions.
The results conclusion report was then prepared to document the researcher's evaluation based on the comparison between the content of the assertions and the perception indexes that evidenced the levels of agreement or disagreement expressed by the respondents, processed in the Software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires ( Iramuteq ), a free and open-source statistical analysis system on texts, with the objective of extracting structures of meaning to construct a logical scenario that can be verified for what is indicated as the results of the respondents' perception in view of the aspects declared in the assertions and, thus, closing the cycle of data treatment and analysis.
Thus, given the logical structures of meaning obtained, the interpretation of the research data occurred through the use of Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action (1989), in order to achieve the proposition of management methods appropriate to the level of relationship evidenced between the socio-environmental methodologies identified and the attitudes highlighted by local individuals.
We do not require an ethical protocol because we do not identify any of the actors involved, ensuring confidentiality and privacy, in addition to offering clarifications in clear and accessible language, presenting the research objectives and providing transparency to the poststudy results. This is an empirical study in which theoretical elements are presented to respondents for reflection and exposure of perceptions about sustainability in the Amazon region, whose levels of substantial risks are previously informed to the respondent through a free and informed consent form.
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Investigations such as that of Zhu, Villar and Balderrama (2025) are considered, which test the formulation of premises regarding the existing interaction and the impacts generated from the behavioral predispositions adopted by individuals in a particular location to write the results. Thus, behaviors formed by inheritances, values, feelings, and perceptions that direct levels of development are taken as a basis to generate predictors for Amazonian organizations according to the analysis of the behavioral predispositions of individuals institutionally involved in socio-environmental management.
4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF INDIVIDUALS INSTITUTIONALLY INVOLVED IN SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
The institutional environment of the State of Rondônia, Brazil, is located in a territorial extension of 237,754,172 km (two hundred and thirty-seven million, seven hundred and fiftyfour thousand, one hundred and seventy-two square kilometers) which is equivalent to the extension of countries such as Laos, Nepal, South Korea, in Asia; the United Kingdom, Greece, Portugal, Romania, in Europe; Ghana, Uganda, Senegal, in Africa; Cuba, Nicaragua, Ecuador and Uruguay, in the Americas. The region is located in the North of Brazil, as shown in Figure 3 below. It is characterized by vast cultural diversity marked by open-air theaters, carnival celebrations, June festivals, agricultural fairs and beef festivals. However, it also has indexes below the national average, such as life expectancy, human development, illiteracy, per capita household income, access to basic sanitation, which is a concern for society.
The region is urgently needed to reconcile economic development with improving the quality of life of the local population and preserving the environment. The region, rich in biodiversity, faces challenges such as deforestation, fires, environmental degradation and social inequality, which justifies the interest in studying how organizations can understand the behavioral predisposition of their agents to direct energy towards sustainable development goals, promoting economic, social and environmental solutions that improve the living conditions of residents, who suffer from a lack of information and knowledge, despite being directly affected.
In order to assist in the construction of the Amazonian institutional environment, the investigation begins to analyze the perception of individuals, agents institutionally involved in the Amazonian institutional environment, regarding the relationship between culture and management practiced in organizations. Thus, we seek to analyze the influence of local culture on the institutional environment, on organizational decisions when defining internal standards and on the decisions of individuals themselves when faced with market relations, with the assertions presented in Figure 4, below.
From this relationship emerges a social perception that individuals' consumption habits are influenced by local cultural characteristics and that companies use elements of this culture in their activities, however, without converting the use of these cultural elements into strategic processes or internal policies. There is a mismatch between the cultural dynamics of demand, represented by individuals, and the formal structure of supply, represented by organizations. This creates a gap that can be exploited by the institutional environment with the aim of carrying out operational practices and offering products and services with greater legitimacy and connection to the locality.
The investigation continues in the direction of analyzing the perception of individuals regarding the relationship between local culture and management practiced in Amazonian organizations, through assertions that propose reflections on the influence of local culture on the institutional environment, on individuals' own decisions when faced with market relations and in organizational decision-making, as demonstrated by the results organized in Figure 5, below.
The prevailing perception about the relationship between organizations and the local sociocultural environment is that regional organizations have not yet built their own institutional identity and, consequently, do not adequately represent the local culture. Instead, they seem to adopt organizational models from other regions without the necessary adaptations to the sociocultural reality of the Amazon. There is a need to encourage organizational practices that are more committed to valuing the locality, creating internal policies that are connected to the Amazonian reality, and actively engaging society in the evaluation and construction of institutional responsibilities.
There is a gap between what the locality offers in terms of cultural, symbolic and social wealth and what is actually observed in what organizations express or give back to society. Individuals expect to find local identity dynamics in organizations, but the lack of identification limits the full exercise of their potential for innovation, legitimacy and adaptation, as well as generating insufficient impact on socio-environmental or economic results.
4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF INDIVIDUALS INSTITUTIONALLY INVOLVED IN SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
To assess how individuals perceive sustainable management in the environmental, social and economic dimensions in Amazonian organizations, assertions were proposed whose content was constructed to identify the level of relationship between the human factor and individual behavior in the performance of organizations, the level of impact of the availability of natural resources in the region on individuals' consumption decisions and the existence of accountability of organizations for social results arising from the needs of the local community, in the form of a record of assertions and results, as shown in Figure 6, below.
Values linked to the role of the individual in organizational performance are more internalized in the collective consciousness than concepts related to sustainable management practices and the role of organizations in the socio-environmental results of the location.
The level of awareness regarding the impact of human behavior on the results of companies is well established, but the level of awareness regarding the environmental and social dimensions of organizational management is still a controversial topic. This translates into the perception that the understanding of the social and environmental function of organizations is still in the process of consolidation, even in a region where there is strong interdependence between society, the economy and the environment.
In order to absorb the respondents' perception of the concepts disseminated in the area of sustainability knowledge and the management practices adopted in Amazonian organizations, assertive proposals were presented in Figure 7, below.
The expectation for socio-environmental solutions suggests a strong receptiveness and awareness among respondents regarding the importance of balancing the development of the institutional environment, although they still do not feel represented in the management of local organizations. The community appears to be favorable and receptive to the implementation of public, private or joint policies and initiatives aimed at transforming the organizational culture and strengthening socio-environmental management.
After exploring the respondents' perceptions of sustainability concepts and management practices and the impacts of individual actions in organizations, we move on to analyzing what is understood as organizational behavior and understanding how the influences of individuals' attitudinal and cognitive variables on organizational activities are perceived. The assertions organized in Figure 8 show the results obtained for the concepts of behavioral theory as factors that interfere in the results.
Respondents demonstrate a high level of awareness of the factors that shape behavior, recognize that behavior is socially constructed, modulated by internal and external variables, and value learning as a potential to transform structural market processes. In this scenario, the Amazon context has a favorable attitudinal basis for the implementation of institutional actions that favor cultural adaptations aimed at fostering the creation of learning, education, and information strategies with a view to achieving the sociotechnical innovation necessary to develop the institutional environment in its most varied dimensions.
The individuals' understanding of the organizational behaviors adopted by agents involved in the Amazonian institutional environment and the influence of individual capabilities and new technologies to promote the region's development was recorded as shown in Figure 9, below.
A multifaceted and interconnected perception of development in the Amazon context is evident, revealing a mature and integrated vision of development for individuals. The leading role of sociotechnical technologies in facing regional challenges demonstrates a favorable scenario for institutions to build sustainable management models that promote individual training, cooperation between social actors, and innovation in organizational structures. This set of drivers helps to understand which contextual conditions support or limit the transformation of the institutional environment and serves as input for the formulation of predictors capable of generating value for local development by associating the peculiarities of the institutional environment with sociotechnical, socioenvironmental, and behavioral technologies.
4.3 IDENTIFICATION OF BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF INDIVIDUALS INSTITUTIONALLY INVOLVED IN SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
The attitudinal measures of socio-environmental management in Amazonian organizations were characterized through the analysis of the perception indexes of regional individuals regarding local institutional attributes, socio-environmental management practices and, also, the individual behaviors of respondents, agents institutionally involved in the Amazonian environment.
The attitudinal survey revealed a complex scenario that can be characterized by a gap between awareness of the importance of human and contextual factors in the formation of an institutional environment favorable to regional development and the lack of perception of intentions or effective organizational actions, especially those capable of demonstrating cultural integration and socio-environmental management.
The results outlined in the previous sections were subjected to textual analysis in the Iramuteq Software , in order to illustrate, in their entirety, the relationship between theoretical knowledge, represented by the assertions, and the respondents' perception, represented by the response rates obtained from the application of the consultation form. In this form, there is a graphical representation based on the frequency and association of words used, the objective of which is to extract a consistent logical scenario that makes it possible to portray the respondents' perception and propose appropriate organizational predictors to promote regional development based on the connection with local desires and needs, as seen below in Figure 10.
The prominence of the words demonstrates that the analysis of results is aligned with the scope of the investigation, which was appropriately directed to study the behavioral predisposition of local individuals institutionally involved with socio-environmental management in Amazonian organizations. The institutional environment showed significant cultural richness and is strongly related to the perspective of sustainable development in its environmental, economic and social dimensions through the centrality of organizations and their power to transform scenarios through individual behaviors. This connection suggests that organizations are institutions responsible for integrating multiple disciplines and multiple actors to achieve regional development.
Developing predictors is a method to guide the causal relationship revealed in the assessment of scientific knowledge in socio-environmental management based on behavioral predispositions, derived from the levels of connection indicated by local people and offering results aligned with the reality experienced in the region. They constitute elements that serve as drivers of decisions to be considered by organizations and actions to be driven by individuals, as illustrated in Figure 10 below.
The concept of predictors was developed as a way to guide the actions of individuals and the management of Amazonian organizations according to the identified development model. The diagrammed elements propose solutions for a system that interacts through the actions of individuals and decisions of organizations responsible for behaving in the direction of sustainable development. The elements used in the diagram are listed in Table 3 below.
The governance system of the Amazonian institutional environment has the interaction between individual actions and organizational decisions as the vector of transformation for sustainable development, which suggests the use of sociotechnical instruments called behavioral and socio-environmental predictors.
Social actors need to know technological methodologies capable of identifying their capabilities, values, principles, resources, potential, needs, ambitions, desires, and aspirations in order to have the means to achieve development. Individuals who are aware of the variables that shape their expression in society can find better ways to act. Organizations that are aware of the variables that shape their decision-making can find better methodologies to manage available resources and the interaction of stakeholders within their sphere of action.
The guiding predictors of individual actions are technological propositions aimed at bridging gaps between individuals' attitudes and behaviors when they are interacting in the institutional environment. They are methodologies available in the science of Administration to transform results, based on the influence on the behavior of individuals and, consequently, on the dynamics of interactions in the institutional environment.
Individual predictors are attitudes raised in research and should be consciously used by people to interact in a way that contributes to the development of the institutional environment. Behavioral predictors include: awareness, identification, relationships, connections, influences, and rejection. Socioenvironmental predictors include: learning, research, participation, creation, monitoring, and investment.
The predictors that guide organizational decisions are technological propositions aimed at solving difficulties inherent in resource management through environmental, economic and social results. They are methodologies available in science to improve resource management and transform the organizational mission into an environmental, economic and social purpose, influencing the dynamics of environmental interactions. Organizational predictors must be consciously used by organizations to interact in a way that contributes to the development of the institutional environment. Behavioral predictors include: co-creation, incentive, education, influence, connection and communication. Socio-environmental predictors include: governance, innovation, technology, transparency, regulation and subsidy.
5 CONCLUSION
Aware of the global concern of the most diverse social actors regarding the future of the planet and humanity and the need to adapt individual or collective decisions and actions for sustainability, it was decided to examine the attitude, as a behavioral predisposition, of individuals institutionally involved in the Amazon environment when they come across socioenvironmental management applied in the organizations in which they work or with which they have relationships. In this way, it is possible to identify the reality experienced in the interactions of these individuals with the socio-environmental management methodologies practiced in regional organizations.
The region has faced conflicts and gone through successive stages of colonization. It has a vast natural territorial extension with delimited and regulated areas of environmental preservation. It is rich in biodiversity and has its own solid cultural values, as a result of the interaction of different native cultures and national and international colonizers. The local culture was forged in this scenario and now continues to influence and be influenced by the global interaction facilitated by the media. The central reflection of this research focuses on the level of awareness of the power of the influences that transform the Amazonian institutional environment.
With this format, in response to the research problem, the results showed behavioral predictors directed at individuals and organizations in order to impact the interaction between these important social actors and, thus, obtain better individual actions and better organizational decisions to transform the institutional environment and promote development appropriate to the desires and needs of the local population.
Individuals are oriented to develop behavioral and socio-environmental factors of awareness, identification, relationships, connection, influence, rejection, learning, research, participation, creation, monitoring and investment. And organizations are directed towards cognitive socio-environmental factors of co-creation, encouragement, education, influence, connection, communication, governance, innovation, technology, transparency, regulation and subsidy.
Given these identified behavioral and socio-environmental predictors, Management Science has methodologies capable of developing individuals and organizations through techniques available in theoretical topics - Knowledge Management, Stakeholder Management, Transformational Leadership, Innovation Management - or in methodological topics - Governance, Decision Making, Building Coalition and Networks, Compliance, ESG.
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