Content area
Objective: To analyze the relationship between fiscal autonomy, financial sustainability, and democratic legitimacy in Mexico's 32 states during the period 2018-2024, identifying how fiscal conditions affect citizen participation and institutional trust. Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the theory of fiscal federalism, subnational financial sustainability, and contemporary approaches to democratic legitimacy. It considers the contributions of Cabral, Castillo, and Hernández-Trillo (2021), Gleißner et al. (2022), and Monsivais-Carrillo (2020), among others, who highlight the interdependence between fiscal performance and citizen trust. Method: A quantitative, non-experimental, longitudinal design was applied. Official data from the SHCP, INEGI, and INE were used. The variables analyzed were: fiscal autonomy (own revenues/total revenues), state debt, and voter turnout index. The analysis included descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations. Results and Discussion: A positive correlation was found between fiscal autonomy and public debt (ρ=0.582; p=0.001), and negative correlations between both and citizen participation (ρ=-0.368 and ρ=-0.420). The states with the highest indebtedness showed lower voter turnout, which highlights tensions between financial performance and democratic legitimacy. Implications of the research: The findings provide useful empirical evidence to strengthen fiscal federalism and subnational transparency policies. Originality/Value: The study offers an unprecedented longitudinal analysis that integrates public finances and democratic legitimacy in the Mexican context.