Headnote
ABSTRACT
Objective: The article examines the role of digital technologies, including ICTs, AI, and big data, in modernizing public management, aiming to achieve greater efficiency, transparency, and citizen participation. Such tools optimize processes and services, but implementation faces resistance to change, budgetary constraints, and digital inequality
Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework is based on theories of innovation in governance and public management. It defines Electronic Government (e-Gov) and the broader Digital Transformation. The pillars include transparency, accountability, and open government, evolving toward a collaborative and data-driven digital governance model.
Method: The methodology is qualitative, characterized as exploratory and explanatory. Data collection utilized documentary and bibliographic sources (laws, articles), through a documentary survey. Analysis was performed using Content Analysis, aiming to interpret social phenomena
Results and Discussion: The study concluded that digital technologies play a central and fundamental role in the modernization of public management, promoting efficiency, transparency, and citizen participation. Digital transformation is not limited to computerization, but rather implies a comprehensive overhaul of management models, organizational culture, and how governments and citizens interact.
Research Implications: Digital technologies are fundamental to efficient, transparent, and participatory public management. The implication is that, to be sustainable, governments must overcome structural and cultural challenges, investing in staff training and digital inclusion.
Originality/Value: The research demonstrates the fundamental value of ICTs in modernizing public management, seeking greater efficiency and transparency. It is original in its analysis of how digital transformation disrupts traditional bureaucratic models and discusses structural and cultural challenges to effectiveness.
Keywords: Digital Technologies, Transparency, Public Management.
RESUMO
Objetivo: O artigo analisa o papel das tecnologias digitais: TICs, IA, big data, na modernização da gestão pública, buscando maior eficiência, transparência e participação cidadã. Tais ferramentas otimizam processos e serviços, mas a implementação enfrenta resistência à mudança, limitações orçamentárias e desigualdade digital
Referencial Teórico: O referencial teórico baseia-se em teorias de inovação na governança e gestão pública. Define o Governo Eletrônico (e-Gov) e a ampla Transformação Digital. Os pilares incluem a transparência, accountability e o governo aberto, evoluindo para o modelo de governança digital colaborativa e orientada por dados.
Método: A metodologia é de natureza qualitativa, caracterizada como exploratória e explicativa. A coleta de dados usou fontes documentais e bibliográficas (leis, artigos), via levantamento documental. A análise foi feita por Análise de Conteúdo, buscando interpretar fenômenos sociais.
Resultados e Discussão: O estudo concluiu que as tecnologias digitais desempenham um papel central e fundamental na modernização da gestão pública, promovendo a eficiência, a transparência e a participação cidadã. A transformação digital não se limita à informatização, mas implica uma reformulação completa dos modelos de gestão, da cultura organizacional e das formas de interação entre governo e cidadãos.
Implicações da Pesquisa: As tecnologias digitais são fundamentais para uma gestão pública eficiente, transparente e participativa. A implicação é que, para ser sustentável, os governos devem superar desafios estruturais e culturais, investindo na qualificação dos servidores e na inclusão digital.
Originalidade/Valor: A pesquisa demonstra o valor fundamental das TICs na modernização da gestão pública, buscando maior eficiência e transparência. É original ao analisar como a transformação digital rompe modelos burocráticos tradicionais e discute desafios estruturais e culturais para a efetividade
Palavras-chave: Tecnologias Digitais, Transparência, Gestão Pública.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: El artículo analiza el papel de las tecnologías digitales (TIC, IA, big data) en la modernización de la gestión pública, buscando mayor eficiencia, transparencia y participación ciudadana. Dichas herramientas optimizan procesos y servicios, pero la implementación enfrenta resistencia al cambio, limitaciones presupuestarias y desigualdad digital.
Marco Teórico: El marco teórico se basa en teorías de innovación en gobernanza y gestión pública. Define el Gobierno Electrónico (e-Gov) y la Transformación Digital en general. Sus pilares incluyen la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y el gobierno abierto, evolucionando hacia un modelo de gobernanza digital colaborativo y basado en datos.
Método: La metodología es de naturaleza cualitativa, caracterizada como exploratoria y explicativa. La recolección de datos utilizó fuentes documentales y bibliográficas (leyes, artículos), mediante relevamiento documental. El análisis se realizó a través de Análisis de Contenido, buscando interpretar fenómenos sociales.
Results and Discussion: El estudio concluyó que las tecnologías digitales desempeñan un papel central y fundamental en la modernización de la gestión pública, promoviendo la eficiencia, la transparencia y la participación ciudadana. La transformación digital no se limita a la informatización, sino que implica una transformación integral de los modelos de gestión, la cultura organizacional y la interacción entre el gobierno y la ciudadanía.
Implicaciones de la investigación: Las tecnologías digitales son fundamentales para una gestión pública eficiente, transparente y participativa. Esto implica que, para ser sostenibles, los gobiernos deben superar los desafíos estructurales y culturales invirtiendo en la capacitación del personal y la inclusión digital.
Originalidad/Valor: La investigación demuestra el valor fundamental de las TIC para modernizar la gestión pública, buscando una mayor eficiencia y transparencia. Es original en su análisis de cómo la transformación digital altera los modelos burocráticos tradicionales y aborda los desafíos estructurales y culturales para la eficacia.
Palabras clave: Tecnologías Digitales, Transparencia, Gestión Pública.
1 INTRODUCTION
Abstract: Public management in the 21st century is being challenged to adapt to a scenario in constant transformation. The demands for greater transparency, efficiency, agility and citizen participation have never been so intense and communication advances in an exponential way, the public sector needs not only to follow, but also to anticipate these changes to offer increasingly accessible services. Thus, technological tools emerge as a fundamental strategy to improve the public management and the delivery of services, besides representing a response to the social, economic and political transformations that mark the present (Führ, 2022)..
Throughout history, public administration has faced difficulties to integrate technological innovations efficiently; however, in recent years, the integration of new technologies has proved to be an effective solution to overcome these barriers, enabling the reduction of bureaucracy, increased transparency and improvement in administrative processes. Technology, therefore, ceases to be only an accessory tool to become a transformative agent, capable of redesigning processes, simplifying operations and improving the quality of services provided to citizens. This technological transformation has profound implications not only for administrative efficiency (Diniz, 2025)..
The incorporation of technologies in the public sector goes beyond a simple trend; it is a direct response to the new demands of contemporary society, which demands faster, more efficient and safer solutions to daily problems. Tools such as digital platforms, integrated management systems, big data, data analysis and artificial intelligence have allowed the public sector to automate processes, improve service delivery and make more informed and evidence-based decisions (Führ, 2022).. These technologies not only optimize the internal management, but also promote a greater proximity to the citizen, offering more personalized, efficient and affordable services. In addition, innovations such as the use of blockchain to ensure the transparency and security of public transactions and the application of artificial intelligence to improve data management are revolutionizing the way public governance is exercised, providing greater confidence in public administration (Diniz, 2025)..
However, the implementation of new technologies in public management is not without challenges. One of the main obstacles is the resistance to change, both within the public institutions and among the population. The change of rooted processes, the fear of the unknown and the adaptation to new tools can generate insecurity and inefficiency at the beginning of the implementation. In addition, the lack of adequate technological infrastructure in some regions, the deficit in the training of public servants and budget limitations are significant barriers that hinder the large-scale adoption of technological solutions. The inequality in access to technologies is also an important factor to be considered, especially in developing countries, where a large part of the population still faces difficulties in accessing the internet and using digital devices. These challenges require a careful approach, with public policies that promote digital inclusion, continuous training of servers and investment in technological infrastructure (Agune & Carlos, 2015)..
The implementation of technological solutions also requires close integration with existing regulatory frameworks. The modernization of public management cannot be done in isolation; it must be accompanied by legal and regulatory reforms that ensure compliance with standards of personal data protection and cybersecurity. The use of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and big data, for example, requires the development of new legal frameworks that ensure that the data is used ethically, protecting citizens' rights and preventing abuse (Führ, 2022)..
In this context, this work aims to analyze how the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) contributes to the modernization of public management, promoting greater efficiency, transparency and citizen participation in administrative processes and the provision of public services.
Thus, in this sense, the specific objectives are: (1) To investigate the main technological tools used in public administration and their impacts on the efficiency of government services. (2) Identify how technologies have promoted transparency and access to information in public management. (3) Analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by public managers in the implementation of digital technologies in administrative processes.
2 THEORETICAL REFERENCE
2.1 TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: IMPACTS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF GOVERNMENT SERVICES, TRANSPARENCY AND ACCESS TO INFORMATION
Abstract: The modernization of public management through technologies is supported by several theories and approaches that investigate the impacts of innovation on administrative processes and governance.
2.1.1 Technological Innovation in Public Management: Analysis of Digital Tools and their Effects on Administrative Efficiency
Abstract: The digital transformation in the public sector has been consolidated as a fundamental element for administrative modernization, driving significant changes in processes, service delivery and the interaction between government and society. Faced with an increasingly connected and demanding society, it is essential that public management adapts to technological innovations, seeking to offer more efficient, agile, transparent and accessible services (Führ, 2022)..
Technology emerges, therefore, as a strategic tool to make public administration more efficient, reducing bureaucracy, optimizing the internal processes and promoting greater integration between the various government sectors. In addition, it contributes to strengthening transparency, expanding access to information and providing greater citizen participation, indispensable elements in the construction of a more democratic and responsive public governance (Dias, 2012; Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024).
In the current context, public administration in the digital era presents a panorama marked by the increasing digitalization of services, automation of processes, intensive use of data and strengthening of communication channels between government and citizens. This new model breaks with traditional, centralized and bureaucratic practices, adopting a more dynamic, collaborative management and focused on the needs of the population (Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024)..
The concept of electronic government (e-Gov) refers, therefore, to the use of technological resources to offer public services in a digital way, promoting efficiency, transparency and the approximation between government and society. Digital transformation is a broader concept, which is not limited to the computerization of processes, but involves a complete reformulation of public management models, integrating emerging technologies, changing organizational culture and adopting innovative data-driven practices (Oliveira & Sousa, 2021; Führ, 2022)
In this scenario, several technological tools have been incorporated into public administration, playing a fundamental role in modernization and in the search for greater efficiency. Among the main ones are the service and transparency portals, such as Gov.br, which concentrates several services in a single digital platform, facilitating the access of the citizen and reducing operating costs (Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024).. The integrated systems of management, known as public ERPs, are also widely used, allowing the centralization of information and the automation of processes in the areas of finance, human resources, public procurement, planning and control (2012)..
The impact of adopting these technologies on the efficiency of government services is undeniable. They provide significant reduction in bureaucracy, make processes more agile, ensure greater control and transparency over administrative acts and promote more effective public management, based on concrete data and on evidence-driven decision-making. In addition, digitalization expands access to public services, especially for populations that previously faced logistical or geographical difficulties (Oliveira & Sousa, 2021; Führ, 2022).
On the other hand, despite the numerous benefits, the implementation of digital transformation in public management still faces important challenges and limitations. One of the main obstacles is the resistance to change, both by public servants, accustomed to traditional practices, and by the bureaucratic structure itself, which is often rigid and not flexible to innovation (Fleury, 2015; Machado, 2020). The lack of digital culture in the public sector is a barrier that directly impacts the effectiveness of transformation processes.
The challenge of digital inequality, which prevents a portion of the population, especially in more remote or economically disadvantaged regions, from having full access to digital services. This exclusion can further accentuate social inequalities if digital inclusion policies are not adopted, such as the expansion of internet infrastructure and technological training programs (Fleury, 2015; Machado, 2020).
The lack of technical training of public servants is another significant obstacle. Many professionals still do not have the digital skills necessary to operate advanced systems, which can lead to underutilization of tools and, consequently, compromise the expected results (Machado, 2020).. Compliance with the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) becomes, therefore, an indispensable requirement to ensure trust in digital services (Agune & Carlos, 2015; Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024).
2.1.2 Transparency and Access to Information in Public Management: The Role of Digital Technologies in Building Open Government
Transparency and access to information are fundamental pillars of democratic and accountable public management. In the contemporary context, marked by increasing demands of society for ethics, efficiency and responsibility of public managers, the clear and accessible availability of government information becomes an essential right of the citizen and a duty of the State. Transparency strengthens social control, inhibits corrupt practices, and promotes more efficient and fair administration (Fleury, 2015)..
The relationship between technology, citizenship and public management has intensified with the advancement of digital tools. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have proved to be strategic allies in strengthening democracy, as they bring the citizen closer to the State and make administrative processes more open, traceable and auditable. In this scenario, digital citizenship emerges as a new paradigm of participation, in which the individual exercises his active role of control and collaboration with the public management through means of technological platforms (Dias, 2012; Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024).
The concept of public transparency concerns the obligation of public agencies to provide, in a proactive and accessible way, information about their structure, functioning, revenues, expenses, contracts, agreements, servers and other relevant data to government action. Access to information is the citizen's right to obtain, without the need for justification, any public data not protected by legal secrecy. Both principles are fundamental to ensure accountability, that is, accountability by public officials, and to consolidate an open and participatory government (Agune & Carlos, 2015)..
In Brazil, this right is guaranteed by important legal frameworks. The Access to Information Act (Law No. 12,527 / 2011) establishes the procedures for the request and provision of public information by the bodies and entities of direct and indirect administration, at all levels of government. In addition, Complementary Law No. 131/2009, known as the Transparency Law, requires the real-time disclosure of information on the budget and financial execution of federal entities, through electronic portals accessible to the population. These regulatory frameworks represent significant advances in building a culture of transparency in the Brazilian public sector (Agune & Carlos, 2015)..
Abstract: Digital technologies have been consolidated as powerful tools to promote transparency. Transparency portals, open data platforms, systems of accountability mobile applications and digital ombudsman services are just a few examples of how ICTs allow citizens to monitor and supervise public management in real time. These technologies facilitate access to information in a decentralized way, increase efficiency in institutional communication and promote equity by reducing geographical and administrative barriers (Oliveira & Sousa, 2021; Führ, 2022).
In addition, they promote greater trust in public administration by highlighting the decision-making processes and the results of public policies. Through mechanisms such as interactive dashboards, visualization of public spending and publication of databases in reusable formats, citizens not only consume information, but also actively participate in governance (Motta, 2013; Albarello, 2021).
It is important to highlight that there are still technical, cultural and institutional barriers that limit the full effectiveness of digital transparency. From a technical point of view, many public bodies lack adequate infrastructure to maintain up-to-date, secure and integrated information systems. The lack of interoperability between platforms and the fragmentation of data make it difficult to consolidate a truly transparent system (Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024)..
From the cultural point of view, there is a resistance to institutional openness on the part of some public administrations, which still operate under a logic of secrecy and centralization of information. This hinders the implementation of an effective open government policy and discourages citizen participation. Institutionally, the absence of clear mechanisms of accountability and the lack of training of servers to operate and feed information systems also undermine advances in this area (Machado, 2020)..
2.1.3 Governance and Technology
Public governance, in its contemporary concept, has undergone a constant evolution, marked by social changes and the advancement of technologies (2012)..
Historically, the model of public governance was based on hierarchical structures and bureaucratic processes that prioritized the centralized control. However, the advent of digital technologies has enabled decentralization and integration of processes, promoting more collaborative and agile management. In this context, technological tools allow governments to establish more effective communication networks with various actors, such as the private sector, non-governmental organizations and the citizens themselves (Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024).. This facilitates evidence-based decision-making, improves resource allocation, and reduces traditional administrative silos, which often hamper government efficiency (2012)..
Technological evolution has also brought to light innovative concepts, such as digital governance, which proposes the strategic use of technologies to transform government processes. This model emphasizes the adoption of practices that prioritize transparency and accountability, while at the same time promoting greater interaction between government and society. Tools such as transparency portals, utility applications and citizen participation platforms are examples of how technology can be used to strengthen democratic principles and improve the quality of public services (Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024)..
2.1.4 Technological Tools in Public Administration
Technological tools have been consolidated as crucial elements for digital transformation in the public sector, playing a strategic role in modernizing processes, optimizing resources and improving the services offered to citizens. These technologies go far beyond their operational function, as they enable a reformulation of traditional management practices, promoting greater efficiency, accessibility and transparency (Oliveira & Sousa, 2021)..
Among the main tools used, we highlight the integrated management systems, such as ERPs (Enterprise Resource Planning), which enable the centralization and automation of administrative processes. These systems integrate different government areas, such as finance, human resources and planning, providing greater control and visibility over the public resources. Using these systems facilitates data-driven decision-making, reducing resource waste and improving operational efficiency (Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, 2024)..
Another example are digital platforms for public services, which centralize and simplify citizens' access to essential services. These platforms allow users to carry out online actions such as requesting documents, paying fees and monitoring administrative processes. This digitalization not only facilitates the population's access to public services, but also reduces queues, administrative costs and the response time by the government (Agune & Carlos, 2015)..
In addition, emerging technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence have revolutionized public administration by introducing new levels of analysis and automation. Big data enables governments to collect, store, and analyze large volumes of data, generating valuable insights for more effective policymaking. Artificial intelligence can be used to automate processes, predict future demands and customize services according to the specific needs of different groups of the population (Oliveira & Sousa, 2021)..
2.1.5 Challenges and limitations
Although technology plays a central role in modernizing public administration, its implementation faces numerous challenges and limitations. These difficulties, often structural and cultural, can compromise the full use of technological tools and limit their transformative impacts (Fleury, 2015)..
One of the main obstacles is related to the resistance to change by public servants and managers. The organizational culture in the public sector, often marked by traditional practices and bureaucratic processes, can hinder the acceptance of technological innovations. This resistance not only slows the adoption of new tools, but also prevents these solutions from being fully integrated into existing processes, reducing their effectiveness (Machado, 2020)..
Another significant challenge is the digital inequality, which affects both the access of the population to technological services and the ability of governments to implement these solutions. In developing countries, such as Brazil, many regions lack basic infrastructure, such as internet connectivity and technological equipment. This territorial limitation widens regional disparities and compromises the reach of digital initiatives, leaving vulnerable populations even more marginalized (Fleury, 2015)..
In addition, there are issues related to the budget and the prioritization of investments. Technological projects, especially those of large scale, require significant financial resources for equipment acquisition, systems development, maintenance and training. In a context of budget constraints, governments often face difficulties to allocate the necessary resources, which can delay or compromise the quality of implementation of these initiatives (Oliveira & Sousa, 2021)..
Data governance and cybersecurity also pose important challenges in the adoption of technologies in public administration. With the volume of data collected and processed increasing, governments need to ensure that this information is used ethically and safely. Lack of clear data protection policies and vulnerability to cyber attacks can undermine public trust and expose risk-sensitive information, undermining both the efficiency and credibility of digital initiatives (Machado, 2020)..
In addition, administrative fragmentation often hinders the integration of technologies between different bodies and levels of government. Isolated systems, absence of technical standards and lack of communication between departments can generate redundancies, inefficiencies and difficulties in information sharing. This lack of coordination limits the potential of technologies to improve public governance as a whole (Fleury, 2015)..
3 METHODOLOGY
The methodology adopted in this work is qualitative in nature, since it seeks to understand, interpret and analyze the social phenomena related to the use of digital technologies in public management. According to Minayo, (2001), qualitative research works with the universe of meanings, motivations, aspirations, beliefs and values, considering these essential elements for the understanding of social reality. As for its classification, this research is characterized as exploratory and explanatory. According to Gil, (2008), exploratory research aims to provide greater familiarity with the problem, making it more explicit and contributing to the improvement of ideas or the formulation of hypotheses. On the other hand, explanatory research seeks to identify the factors that determine or contribute to the occurrence of phenomena, deepening the understanding of the relationships between the variables studied.
Thus, the research was limited to studying the role of digital technologies in the construction of a more efficient, transparent and participatory public management, focusing on the analysis of technological tools used in the public sector, their impacts on administrative efficiency, the promotion of transparency, access to information and citizen participation, as well as the challenges and limitations faced for their full implementation. To obtain the necessary data, the collection was carried out through documentary and bibliographic sources, involving the survey and the analysis of legislation, norms, decrees, public policies, as well as institutional documents, such as the Law on Access to Information (Law No. 12,527 / 2011) and the Transparency Law (Complementary Law No. 131 / 2009). Scientific articles, academic books and specialized publications were also used to discuss themes related to public management, digital transformation, electronic government, innovation and transparency, which contributed to the theoretical foundation of the study.
The technique used for data collection was the documentary survey, which, according to Marconi & Lakatos, (2003), corresponds to research based on materials that have not yet received an in-depth analytical treatment, allowing them to be interpreted according to the objectives of the study. This technique was essential to gather and organize data from legislation, official documents, government portals, scientific articles and other relevant materials for the research. For the analysis of the collected data, the Content Analysis technique was adopted, which, according to Bardin (2011), is a set of methodological techniques that allows to analyze communications in an objective, systematic and qualitative way, allowing valid and relevant inferences in relation to the context and the phenomena studied.
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS, PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS: ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE INNOVATION
Abstract: The digital transformation in public management has been consolidated as one of the greatest challenges and, at the same time, one of the greatest opportunities for governments in contemporary times. As pointed out by Führ, (2022), public management in the 21st century is being challenged to adapt to a constantly changing scenario, in which the demands for greater transparency, efficiency, agility and citizen participation become increasingly intense. In this context, digital transformation emerges as an essential strategy to modernize administrative processes, improve the delivery of public services and strengthen the relationship between government and society.
The concept of digital transformation in the public sphere goes beyond the simple computerization of processes. According to Diniz (2025), digital transformation implies the adoption of innovative technologies, such as big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain, capable of redesigning processes, reducing bureaucracy, improving data management and ensuring greater transparency in government actions. So it's not just about digitizing services, but about transforming organizational culture, work models and ways of interacting between government and citizens.
The implementation of digital technologies in public administration opens several opportunities for the construction of a more modern, efficient and accessible State. In addition, as Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, (2024), technologies such as integrated management systems, artificial intelligence and data analysis provide significant gains in administrative efficiency, improving decision making, resource allocation and transparency of public acts. Another relevant point is that digital transformation promotes greater social participation, since, through digital platforms, citizens can follow, supervise and even collaborate in the formulation of public policies.
On the other hand, despite the advances, the digital transformation in public management is not without challenges. As emphasized by Fleury, (2015) and Machado, (2020) , one of the main obstacles faced by public managers is the resistance to change, both by the public servants and by the institutional structures themselves, which still operate under bureaucratic models and little flexible to innovation. Added to this is the digital inequality, which limits the access of part of the population to online services, as well as budget constraints, which hinder the necessary investments in technological infrastructure, training and information security.
Another significant challenge is related to the training of public servants. As Oliveira & Sousa, (2021), points out, the lack of adequate technical training to deal with the new digital tools impacts directly on the effectiveness of digital transformation processes. In this sense, it is essential to adopt strategies that promote the continuous training of professionals, not only in the use of technologies, but also in the adoption of a new mentality, focused on innovation, collaboration and continuous improvement of public services.
The change of organizational culture is therefore an essential step in this process. According to Campos & Dos Reis Carreiro, (2024), it is necessary that public managers encourage practices that stimulate innovation, open communication and intelligent use of data, in addition to promoting more dynamic and collaborative work environments. This means that the digital transformation does not depend exclusively on technology, but above all on people prepared and committed to the modernization of the public service.
One of the most notable applications is the digitization of public services, which allows citizens to access a wide range of services without leaving their homes. In Brazil, the Gov.br portal exemplifies this transformation, consolidating several services into a single digital platform. Through it, it is possible to carry out everything from consultations and requests for documents to monitoring administrative processes, reducing queues, saving time and promoting greater accessibility (Motta, 2013)..
The automation of administrative processes has also gained prominence, with the use of integrated management systems, such as ERPs (Enterprise Resource Planning). These tools allow different government departments to share information in real time, eliminating redundancies and optimizing the allocation of resources. A practical example is the use of ERPs to manage government procurement, which increases efficiency and reduces fraud risks (Albarello, 2021)..
Abstract: Emerging technologies, such as big data and artificial intelligence, have been applied in public policies to predict demands, identify trends and formulate evidence-based strategies. In the area of health, for example, the use of predictive analysis can anticipate outbreaks of diseases and direct resources to the most affected regions. In public security, artificial intelligence has been used to monitor crime patterns and optimize the distribution of police forces (Motta, 2013)..
Blockchain has also found practical applications in public administration, especially in areas that require high levels of transparency and security. In countries like Estonia, this technology is used to record public procurement and financial transactions, ensuring that data is immutable and accessible for auditing. In Brazil, blockchain initiatives have been explored to track the use of public resources, fighting corruption and promoting greater trust between government and society (Albarello, 2021)..
In addition, georeferencing technologies have revolutionized territorial and urban management. Systems based on GPS and digital maps are widely used to plan public works, monitor risk areas and map natural resources. These tools have also been instrumental in social inclusion projects, such as identifying underserved areas and strategically allocating basic services.
Another example of practical application is in education. Government-developed distance learning platforms allow students in remote areas to access quality content, reducing educational inequalities. In addition, digitized school management systems facilitate monitoring student performance and communication between schools, parents and public administrations (Motta, 2013)..
5 CONCLUSION
This study aimed to analyze how the use of digital technologies contributes to the construction of a more efficient, transparent and participatory public management, considering the adoption of technological tools in the public sector, its impacts on the improvement of services, the transparency of information and the participation of citizens, as well as the challenges faced for its effective implementation.
Regarding the first objective, which consisted of investigating the main technological tools used in public administration and their impacts on the efficiency of government services, it was possible to identify that digital technologies, such as integrated management systems, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain, have played a key role in the modernization of administrative processes. These tools provide greater agility, reduction of bureaucracy, optimization of public resources and improvement of services offered to the population. The digitalization of services, through platforms such as the Gov.br portal and the public management systems, has brought about significant advances in the quality and speed of citizen care. Regarding the second objective, which sought to identify how technologies have promoted transparency and access to information in public management, the study showed that technological advances are essential to strengthen the principle of transparency. The creation of transparency portals, the availability of open data and the integration of information systems allow society to monitor the actions of governments in real time, promoting social control and combating practices of corruption. In addition, legal frameworks, such as the Access to Information Law (Law No. 12,527 / 2011) and the Transparency Law (LC No. 131/2009), were fundamental to consolidate the mandatory access to public information, reinforcing the importance of technology as a means of guaranteeing this right.
Regarding the third objective, which dealt with the analysis of the opportunities and challenges faced by public managers in the implementation of digital technologies, it was possible to observe that, although there are several benefits, there are still significant obstacles. Among them are the resistance to change, the lack of digital culture in the public sector, budget limitations, the lack of technological infrastructure and the lack of adequate training of servers. These challenges directly impact the effectiveness of digital transformation processes and require public managers strategies aimed at changing organizational culture, in addition to continuous investments in professional training and information security.
In view of the results found, it is concluded that digital technologies are fundamental for the construction of a more efficient, transparent and participatory public management. The digital transformation has the potential to break with traditional bureaucratic models, bringing the government closer to society, promoting the democratization of access to services and strengthening social control. However, for this transformation to be effective and sustainable, it is essential that governments face structural and cultural challenges, invest in the qualification of servers and adopt digital inclusion policies, ensuring that all citizens can enjoy the benefits provided by the digitization of public services.
As a suggestion for future studies, it is recommended to carry out research that analyzes, more specifically, case studies of municipalities or public bodies that have already implemented the digital transformation, in order to verify the practical results, the impacts on the quality of services and the strategies adopted to overcome the challenges. It would also be relevant to investigate how emerging technologies, such as generative artificial intelligence and the use of blockchain in bidding processes, can further transform public management in the future.
Finally, this study presents as a limitation its theoretical and documentary approach, based on review of literature, legislation and analysis of secondary data. The research did not include interviews with public managers, analysis of empirical data or practical case studies, which could further deepen the understanding of the impacts of digital transformation on public management. Thus, future investigations with an empirical approach may contribute significantly to enrich and complement the findings of this work.
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References
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