Production and trade of specialty coffee in Brazil

Abstract

Brazil, the world’s largest coffee producer and exporter, accounted for one-third of global coffee production in 2022, with a small portion being specialty coffee. This study aims to analyze the production areas, certifications adopted, cultivars used, processing methods, and the production chain of specialty coffee in Brazil, highlighting the challenges and opportunities. Data were collected from 175 farms associated with the Brazilian Specialty Coffee Association (BSCA), and analyzed. The state of Minas Gerais leads in specialty coffee production, supported by a well-structured supply chain. Most Brazilian specialty coffee producers have adopted the semidry processing method, either using this method alone or in combination with other methods. A high frequency of Arabica coffee cultivars with Coffea canephora introgression (e.g., derivatives of Híbrido de Timor and Icatu) was observed on farms, indicating that they have genetic potential for producing specialty coffees. The production of specialty coffees is still limited to a few producers due to the higher costs related to investments in equipment, certification, and traceability. Certifications play a crucial role in ensuring quality and sustainability, addressing environmental, social, and management aspects. These factors are essential for differentiating Brazilian specialty coffees in the global market, increasing their value and its selling price.