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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Flooding is a natural calamity that causes widespread devastation, including severe infrastructure destruction, significant economic consequences, and social disturbances around the world, particularly in the Sinai region. Wadi Ked is one of Sinai, Egypt's, most vulnerable districts to flood hazards, and it is the location used for this study. This study aims to create a map of flood‐prone areas in Wadi Ked by combining Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) techniques, utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. To achieve the study's goal, flood‐related factors such as elevation, slope, distance to roads, distance from streams, annual rainfall, drainage density, topographic wetness index, land use and land cover, normalized difference vegetation index, soil type, and curvature were weighted and overlaid. The results show that 26.91% of the areas studied have a low sensitivity to flooding, whereas roughly 73.09% of the area is moderately to very highly vulnerable to flooding. The study proposed a dam with a height of 30 m, a width of 0.416 km, and a lake capacity of 31.74 million cubic meters (MCM). The surface runoff volumes from 50‐ and 100‐year storms in sub‐basins 1–5 are 23.07 MCM and 29.66 MCM, respectively. Model validation was performed by comparing susceptibility maps generated from literature‐based and expert‐based AHP weights, revealing a 98% spatial agreement and a Kappa coefficient of 0.995, confirming the model's robustness. This study offers value to decision‐makers and planners by utilizing morphometric properties and flash flood risk maps to identify suitable locations for dams.
Details
Dams;
Flash floods;
Geographic information systems;
Topography;
Morphometry;
Soil types;
Flood hazards;
Land use;
Drainage density;
Flood risk;
Wetness index;
Flooding;
Wadis;
Spatial distribution;
Surface runoff;
Land cover;
Mapping;
Hierarchies;
Annual rainfall;
Geographical information systems;
Normalized difference vegetative index;
Risk reduction;
Decision making;
Information systems;
Analytic hierarchy process;
Regression analysis;
Floods;
Drainage;
Flash flooding;
Hydrology;
Environmental risk;
Maps;
Fuzzy logic;
Storms;
Precipitation;
Distance;
Water resources;
Multiple criteria decision making;
Rain;
Vegetation index
; Ibrahim, Amir S. 1
; Al Zayed, Islam S. 3 ; Ahmed, Ashraf 4
; Abdelhaleem, Fahmy S. 1 1 Civil Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
2 Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
3 Technical Office, National Water Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
4 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK