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The figure and work of this Discalced Carmelite saint and doctor of the Church have been celebrated throughout four centuries, most notably in a public manner since the third centenary of his death in 1891, ten years after the speech before the Real Academia Española in which Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo had proclaimed his decisive evaluation of the literary work of the saint. In this present work, I analyze the consequent national and regional projection of the saint, observable in his proclamation as a Doctor of the Church in 1926, the second centenary of his canonization celebrated in 1926-27, and in the fourth centenary of his birth in 1942. This national projection includes public celebrations and extends to his literary reception, that is, a nationalist evaluation that rejects the possibility of foreign influence.
On the other hand, by 1942, Dámaso Alonso and other members of the Generation of 27 began to analyze his writings critically, without the apparent motive of extolling national identity. Following this approach, the celebrations of the fourth centenary of his death in 1991 emphasize a character of international, interdisciplinary, and interreligious dialogue that can also be observed in continuous commemorations of pilgrimages, conferences, and museums dedicated not only to his memory, but also to promote interest in an approach to a contemporary public on the individual level. From a historiographic perspective, this dissertation interprets commemorations as acts of cultural memory that reflect the horizons of understanding of each historical moment, in which each period projects its own horizon onto the saint, in accordance with Hans-Georg Gadamer's concept of the fusion of horizons and Stuart Hall's theories of representation.