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Abstract

The consumption of electronic products is growing rapidly, resulting in considerable amounts of electronic waste (e-waste). In addition, economic, environmental, and social perspectives increased the need to develop an effective reverse supply chain (RSC). This study, therefore, formulates a stochastic model for a multi-objective, multi-product, multi-period RSC for electronic waste (e-waste) under uncertainty in returns’ quantity, quality, and availability to repair. Three objective functions are considered: maximizing profit, maximizing social impact, and minimizing CO2 emissions. The end-of-life (EOL) household appliance firm was considered for illustration. Results showed that selling products’ parts and generating 123.025 tons of raw materials are expected to generate profit and revenue averages of USD 547,750 and USD 220,207, respectively. The multiple-product RSC is expected to increase profit by 2.3 times that of a single-product RSC. Finally, the effects of uncertainty in model parameters on the objective functions are examined. In conclusion, the proposed RSC of e-waste can effectively enhance sustainability.

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1009240
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Title
A Stochastic Multi-Objective Model for Optimal Design of Electronic Waste Reverse Supply Chain
Author
Al-Refaie, Abbas 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Shabaneh Aya 2 ; Lepkova Natalija 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan 
 Maintenance Engineering and Quality Management, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; [email protected] 
 Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUSTECH), 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania 
Publication title
Volume
17
Issue
23
First page
10693
Number of pages
39
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
Place of publication
Basel
Country of publication
Switzerland
Publication subject
e-ISSN
20711050
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-11-28
Milestone dates
2025-10-31 (Received); 2025-11-25 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
28 Nov 2025
ProQuest document ID
3280970284
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/stochastic-multi-objective-model-optimal-design/docview/3280970284/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Last updated
2025-12-10
Database
ProQuest One Academic