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The aim of this paper is to analyze in depth the underlying linguistic structure and strategies identified in the last two ciphers used by Margaret of Parma, governor of the Netherlands, in her private Italian letters to Philip II during 1566, a decisive year of social, religious and economic conflicts in the territories of Flanders. The study presents and compares the main features of the general cipher and the private cipher contemporaneously used by Margaret of Parma in the private Italian letters she sent to Philip II during that year: two cryptographic systems comprising complex combinations of alphabetic characters, numerical digits and steganographic symbols to ensure the confidentiality of their communications in a hostile European context.