Content area
This study investigates the language ideologies and family language policies (FLPs) of eight multilingual families navigating child-rearing in transnational, plurilingual contexts. Through semi-structured interviews, it explores how parents conceptualize, plan, and enact heritage language transmission in environments shaped by both linguistic privilege and monolingual pressures. Findings reveal that while models like One Parent One Language (OPOL) remain common, families often adapt or depart from rigid structures in response to child agency, emotional dynamics, and practical realities. English emerged as a dominant lingua franca across households, even when not intentionally taught. Parents expressed a strong desire for intergenerational connection, often planning linguistic strategies before birth. While participants generally had access to resources and community support, the study underscores the emotional labor of multilingual parenting and the evolving ideologies that frame language use in the home. It contributes to ongoing discussions in sociolinguistics by centering family as a key site for language policy negotiation, identity formation, and resistance to dominant norms.