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Puerto Rico has experienced sustained periods of instability caused by internal and external forces such as economic crises, natural disasters, and a global pandemic. While some organizations have had to cease operations, others continue navigating these changing realities. Grounded in the adaptive leadership framework, this study examined adaptive capacity as a measurable leadership construct and explored its relationship with adaptive change management and job autonomy within organizational settings in Puerto Rico. The primary objective was to validate the Adaptive Capacity Questionnaire (ACQ) and determine its potential predictive power over change management outcomes. Following a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from full-time leaders across diverse industries in Puerto Rico using three instruments: the ACQ, the Adaptive Change Management Test (ACMT), and the job autonomy dimension (AUT) of the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the ACQ as a reliable and multidimensional instrument encompassing eight dimensions of adaptive leadership, demonstrating strong internal consistency and factorial validity. Although the ACMT did not meet expected psychometric standards, its development process yielded meaningful insights into the complexity of assessing change processes through situational judgment items. Additional analyses explored the associations among adaptive capacity, adaptive change management, and job autonomy, as well as the effects of sociodemographic variables such as leadership level, tenure, and education. Findings revealed that adaptive capacity is not significantly influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, suggesting its generalizability across diverse contexts. Theoretical and practical contributions include validating a robust measure of adaptive capacity and underscoring its relevance for leadership selection and development, as well as organizational transformation initiatives.