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A polarization-dependent silicon nano-antennas metagrating (PSNM) is proposed for parallel polarization transformation by engineering diffraction orders, upon which a compact Mueller microscopy system is implemented for subtissue-level polarization extraction. The polarization-dependent metagrating is designed using matrix Fourier optics and nonlinear optimization with four diffraction orders described by waveplate-like Jones matrices, which is encoded by nano-antennas combining geometric and propagation phases. The measured phase delay and orientation of each diffraction order of the metagrating deviate by less than 6.7 % from the design values, and the overall diffraction efficiency reaches 70.89 % with a coefficient of variation of 0.021. A transmissive PSNM Mueller microscopy system is developed by directly embedding the metagrating into an infinity-corrected microscopic optical path, which extracts subtissue-level polarization distributions of biological sections over a 152 μm × 152 μm field of view with reduced measurement redundancy, facilitating the differentiation and staging of pathological tissues for potential stain-free diagnostic applications.
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; Li Jianyao 1 ; Chen Gaodi 1 ; Lin, Zhiguang 2 ; Lu, Dongmei 3 ; Deng Xiaoxu 1 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy , 12474 Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , 200240 , China
2 Department of Hematology , Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , 200240 , China
3 Department of Hematology , Division of Nutrition, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , 200240 , China