A Web-based Framework for Unified Channel Access and Data Integrity in Smart Electricity Billing

Abstract

Addressing heterogeneous data access and integrity assurance remains a critical challenge for modern smart electricity billing systems. Conventional solutions are often fragmented, with limited interoperability and inconsistent validation processes, which undermines scalability, data quality, and user trust. This paper proposes a Web engineering-driven framework that integrates service-oriented architecture, semantic modeling, and automated integrity verification into a unified, component-based Web application. Unlike prior energy-focused studies, the framework explicitly advances Web engineering principles by embedding metadata-driven routing, ontology-based interoperability, and real-time validation mechanisms into a distributed smart billing environment. The system architecture is designed for modular extensibility, with semantic reasoning enabling dynamic service orchestration and adaptive Web interfaces providing role-based usability across devices. Evaluation demonstrated low latency (120 ms), high availability (99.98%), and scalability to 5000 concurrent users, while the integrity module improved validation success rates from 96.2% to 98.9% over four weeks. Usability testing achieved a 97.5% task completion rate and a system usability score of 88.6, confirming accessibility and adaptability. By combining semantic-driven service orchestration, end-to-end integrity verification, and adaptive user interaction within a single Web framework, this work contributes a novel, holistic approach to Web engineering in critical infrastructure. Beyond smart billing, the proposed methods provide a transferable foundation for secure, interoperable, and user-centric Web applications in other distributed domains.