Exploring Health Risks of Solar PV Waste: A Study in Indonesian Students′ Knowledge and Practices

Abstract

The rapid expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology in Indonesia marks a significant step toward sustainable and green energy solutions. However, the end‐of‐life phase of solar PV panels poses emerging socioenvironmental burdens, particularly due to the presence of hazardous and heavy metal–containing waste. Despite its importance, the management of solar PV waste remains underdeveloped in Indonesia. This study is aimed at identifying knowledge gaps and assessing university students′ knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices (KAPP) regarding the potential health impacts of solar PV waste in Surabaya, Indonesia. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 329 respondents to explore their understanding of exposure pathways, health risks, and proper waste management practice. The survey results indicate that while the majority of students demonstrate moderate to high awareness of solar PV recycling and associated health risks, this awareness is largely theoretical. The reliance on online information sources appears to shape their knowledge, yet actual exposure to implementation and recycling practices remains limited. Attitudes reflected strong environmental concern, with respondents expressing support for sustainable initiatives, such as premium pricing for recyclable panels. However, perceptions also revealed skepticism toward the government′s preparedness and public awareness, and practical engagement, such as attending training or participating in recycling programs, was notably low. The results point to a gap between awareness and practical action. Bridging this gap through targeted educational efforts and supportive policies is essential to ensure responsible management of solar PV waste in Indonesia as the technology continues to grow.