FPGA-Accelerated Multi-Resolution Spline Reconstruction for Real-Time Multimedia Signal Processing

Abstract

This paper presents an FPGA-based architecture for real-time spline-based signal reconstruction, targeted at multimedia signal processing applications. Leveraging the multi-resolution properties of B-splines, the proposed design enables efficient upsampling, denoising, and feature preservation for image and video signals. Implemented on a mid-range FPGA, the system supports parallel processing of multiple channels, with low-latency memory access and pipelined arithmetic units. The proposed pipeline achieves a throughput of up to 33.1 megasmples per second for 1D signals and 19.4 megapixels per second for 2D images, while maintaining average power consumption below 250 mW. Compared to CPU and embedded GPU implementations, the design delivers >15× improvement in energy efficiency and deterministic low-latency performance (8–12 clock cycles). A key novelty lies in combining multi-resolution B-spline reconstruction with fixed-point arithmetic and streaming-friendly pipelining, making the architecture modular, compact, and robust to varying input rates. Benchmarking results on synthetic and real multimedia datasets show significant improvements in throughput and energy efficiency compared to conventional CPU and GPU implementations. The architecture supports flexible resolution scaling, making it suitable for edge-computing scenarios in multimedia environments.