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Contents
- Abstract
- Transportation Theory
- Transportation Versus Cognitive Elaboration
- Stories Versus Persuasive Messages
- Role of Protagonists
- Hegemony of Text Versus Transportation
- Text Quality
- Individual Differences and Situational Influences
- Fiction and Belief Change
- Overview
- Summary of Scale Development
- Gender Differences
- Discriminant Validation: Need for Cognition
- Convergent Validation: Tellegen Absorption Scale
- Effect of Text Manipulation
- Experiment 1
- Method
- Participants
- Procedure
- Experimental narrative: “Murder at the Mall.”
- Source manipulations
- Measures
- Story-specific belief measures
- Just world
- Creation of dependent variable indexes
- Character evaluations
- Thought-listings
- Reality–source monitoring
- Source manipulation check
- Recall test
- Belief Pretesting
- Results
- Source Effects
- Effect of source on reported transportation
- Effect of source on beliefs and character evaluations
- Source manipulation checks
- Transportation Effects
- Transportation and beliefs
- Transportation and evaluation of characters
- Gender
- Ancillary Measures
- Thought-listings
- Summary of Ancillary Study
- Discussion
- Experiment 2
- Design
- Method
- Participants
- Procedure
- Fourth-grade practice circling: “Study 1.”
- Instructions: “Study 2.”
- Reminder page
- Experimental narrative: “Murder at the Mall.”
- Source manipulations
- Measures
- Instruction manipulation checks
- Fact–fiction manipulation check
- Need for cognition
- Pinocchio instructions
- Results
- Instructions and Source Effects
- Manipulation checks for instructions
- Effect of instruction set on recall
- Effect of source and instructions on reported transportation
- Effect of source and instructions on beliefs and character evaluations
- Source manipulation checks
- Transportation Effects
- Transportation and beliefs
- Transportation and evaluation of characters
- Transportation and Pinocchio circling
- Gender
- Ancillary Measures
- Thought-listings
- Need for cognition, beliefs, and character evaluations
- Need for cognition and Pinocchio circling
- Absorption, beliefs, and character evaluations
- Discussion
- Experiment 3
- Method
- Participants
- Procedure, Materials, and Measures
- Source manipulations
- Results
- Instructions and Source Effects
- Manipulation checks for instructions
- Effect of instruction set on recall
- Effect of source and instructions on reported transportation
- Effects of source and instructions on beliefs and character evaluations
- Source manipulation checks
- Transportation Effects
- Transportation and beliefs
- Transportation and evaluation of characters
- Gender
- Ancillary Measures
- Need for cognition, beliefs, and character evaluations
- Discussion
- Experiments 1–3 Combined
- Experiment 4
- Method
- Participants
- Procedure, Materials, and Measures
- Instruction set modifications
- Control groups
- Source manipulations
- Belief measures
- Character evaluations
- Recall test
- Involvement measures
- Results
- Differences Between Experimental and Control Groups
- Instructions and Source Effects
- Manipulation checks for instructions
- Effect of instruction set and source on recall
- Effect of instructions and source on reported transportation
- Effect of instructions on beliefs and character evaluations
- Mediational analyses
- Instructions, comprehension, and beliefs
- Effects...