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Contents
- Abstract
- THE NATURE OF MINDFULNESS AND MINDLESSNESS
- MINDFULNESS AND WELL-BEING
- THE PRESENT RESEARCH
- THE MEASUREMENT OF MINDFULNESS: MAAS CONSTRUCTION, FACTOR ANALYSES, AND RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
- Preliminary Item Selection Procedures
- Exploratory Factor Analysis
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA): College Student and General Adult Samples
- Student Sample
- General Adult Sample
- Test-Retest Reliability and Agreement
- STUDY 1. CORRELATIONS WITH OTHER MEASURES
- Method
- Participants
- Materials
- Convergent and Discriminant Scales
- NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Openness to Experience (Costa & McCrae, 1992 )
- Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS; Salovey et al., 1995 )
- Mindfulness/Mindlessness Scale (MMS; Bodner & Langer, 2001 )
- Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS; Fenigstein et al., 1975 )
- Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ; Trapnell & Campbell, 1999 )
- Self-Monitoring Scale—Revised (Snyder & Gangestad, 1986 )
- Need for Cognition (Cacioppo, Petty, & Kao, 1984 )
- Absorption (Tellegen, 1982 )
- Other scales
- Well-Being Scales
- Traits and attributes
- Emotional disturbance
- Emotional-subjective well-being
- Eudaimonic well-being
- Physical well-being
- Results
- Convergent and Discriminant Correlations
- Well-Being Correlations
- Incremental Validity
- Comparison of Indirect and Direct Measures of Mindfulness
- Discussion
- STUDY 2. GROUP DIFFERENCES IN MINDFULNESS
- Method
- Participants and Procedure
- Results and Discussion
- STUDY 3. SELF-CONCORDANCE THROUGH MINDFULNESS
- Method
- Participants
- Procedures
- General Procedure
- Explicit measures
- IAT task
- Results and Discussion
- STUDY 4. MINDFULNESS AS A PREDICTOR OF DAY-TO-DAY SELF-REGULATION AND WELL-BEING
- Method
- Participants
- Sample 1
- Sample 2
- Procedure
- Measures
- Trait Mindfulness
- Baseline Affect
- State Mindfulness (Sample 2 Only)
- State Relative Autonomy
- Emotional State
- Results
- Multilevel Models
- Discussion
- STUDY 5. EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS ON WELL-BEING IN A CLINICAL CONTEXT
- Method
- Participants
- Procedure and Measures
- Intervention
- Results
- Discussion
- GENERAL DISCUSSION
- Directions for Future Research
- Conclusion
Figures and Tables
Abstract
Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced...