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Abstract
During the last years, many randomly collected specimens of the corticolous hepatic Frullania dilatata (Jungermanniales) from Tuscany (Italy) were carefully screened for the presence of fungi. A heterogeneous assemblage of ten species of ascomycetes belonging to nine genera and five orders were found. Especially well represented are the Hypocreales with four species. Altogether, more than 100 fungal records are given. A key to the species is provided and the distinguishing characters are indicated including illustrations of ascospores. Most frequently found are Calonectria frullaniae (perianthicolous), which prevents normal capsule development and Bryocentria brongniartii (leaf-perforating). Hypobryon florentinum Döbbeler is described as new. Up to five different species may be found on the same host specimen. Features shared by most species are the formation of tiny perithecial ascomata, biotrophic parasitism, restriction to F. dilatata, and occupation of distinct and species-specific microniches. This is the first bryomycological investigation based on comprehensive material of one host species occurring in a small part of its geographical distribution area.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]