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Objective:   This paper proposes a conceptual model for gender differences in outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, broadly conceived as including physical, sexual, emotional, and coercive control forms of abuse, as well as stalking. Method  : Literature review of PsycInfo and PubMed databases. Results:   The literature reviewed suggests these negative effects are not equally distributed by gender—studies indicate that women suffer disproportionately from IPV, especially in terms of injuries, fear, and posttraumatic stress. The review also finds that women experience greater decreases in relationship satisfaction as a result of IPV. Conclusions:   Our review largely supports the contention of feminist theory that gender matters—but we would go further and say that what really matters is power; gender matters because it is so highly correlated with power. We propose that, due to cultural factors that typically ascribe higher status to the male gender, and men's greater size and strength compared to women (on average), women are more likely than men to encounter contextual factors that disempower them and put them in situations—such as sexual abuse—that increase their risk of poor outcomes.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a costly and debilitating health and social concern for families, communities, mental and physical health practitioners, the criminal justice system, policymakers, and society at large. In the past, IPV was conceptualized primarily as something men do to women; however, recent research has demonstrated that IPV is much more complex and multidimensional, defying simplistic explanations. For instance, gender symmetry, the notion that women are similarly or more...