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ABSTRACT
This article attempts at exploring various Shari'ah issues related to the practice of takaful, retakaful, insurance and reinsurance and interaction between them in the practice of retakaful. It explores the practice of retakaful and its importance in modern takaful. The paper discusses the ruling disallowing takaful companies to cede part of their exposure to reinsurance companies on the premise of Íajah and necessity. It also discusses the permissibility of allowing retakaful companies to accept ceding from conventional insurance. Various opinions, fatwa and rulings and other relevant issues have been analysed. It is found that these practices could be accepted subject to certain conditions. The paper argues that since they are allowed based on hajah and ÌarËrah, a revision should be conducted from time to time to ensure that the practice is really in compliance with this exceptional ruling.
Keywords: insurance, reinsurance, takaful, retakaful, shariah, hajah, ÌarËrah.
ISU-ISU SYARIAH DALAM OPERASI TAKAFUL SEMULA (RETAKAFUL) DAN INSURANS SEMULA (REINSURANS): SATU PENJELAJAHAN AWAL DARI PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH
ABSTRAK
Makalah ini cuba menjelajah pelbagai isu Syariah berkaitan dengan amalan takaful, takaful semula (retakaful), insurans dan insurans semula (reinsurans) dan kesalingan bertindak antara satu sama lain dalam amalan takaful semula. Ia menjelajah amalan takaful semula dan kepentingannya dalam takaful moden. Makalah ini membincangkan arahan tidak membenarkan syarikat takaful untuk menyerah sebahagian daripada risiko mereka kepada syarikat takaful semula atas dasar keinginan dan keperluan. Ia turut membincangkan kebenaran kepada syarikat takaful semula untuk menerima serahan dari insurans konvensional. Pelbagai pendapat, fatwa dan arahan dan lain-lain isu berkaitan dianalisis. Didapati bahawa amalan-malan ini boleh diterima tertakluk kepada syarat-syarat tertentu. Makalah ini menghujahkan bahawa oleh kerana amalan-amalan ini berdasarkan keinginan dan keperluan, satu semakan perlu dilakukan dari semasa ke semasa untuk memastikan amalan ini benar-benar mematuhi hukum pengecualian ini.
Kata kunci: insurans, insurans semula (reinsurans), takaful, takaful semula (retakaful), syariah, keinginan, keperluan.
INTRODUCTION
Conventional insurance is very much consistent with the shari'ah from its concept and philosophy, for insurance as described by al- SanhËri:1 "is nothing but an attempt made by a group of people to assist one another in facing certain calamity whereby the members of the group agree to help any of them who faces certain difficulties. Without this assistance, the difficulty faced by the person may be so...